Most of the CAR consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas<\/a>, but the country also includes a Sahelo<\/a>–Sudanian<\/a> zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone<\/a> in the south. Two thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River<\/a> basin (which flows into the Congo<\/a>), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari<\/a>, which flows into Lake Chad<\/a>.<\/p>\n What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country’s current borders were established by France<\/a>, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders, including an abortive attempt at a monarchy<\/a>; by the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-F\u00e9lix Patass\u00e9<\/a> became president, but was later removed by General Fran\u00e7ois Boziz\u00e9<\/a> in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War<\/a> began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, civil war resumed in 2012.<\/p>\n Despite its significant mineral deposits and other resources, such as uranium<\/a> reserves, crude oil, gold, diamonds, cobalt<\/a>, lumber, and hydropower, as well as significant quantities of arable land, the Central African Republic is among the ten poorest countries in the world, with the lowest GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in the world as of 2017. As of 2019, according to the Human Development Index (HDI)<\/a>, the country had the second lowest level of human development, ranking 188th out of 189 countries. It is also estimated to be the unhealthiest country as well as the worst country in which to be young. The Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations<\/a>, the African Union<\/a>, the Economic Community of Central African States<\/a>, the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie<\/a> and the Non-Aligned Movement<\/a>.<\/p>\n Approximately 10,000 years ago, desertification forced hunter-gatherer societies south into the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa, where some groups settled. Farming began as part of the Neolithic Revolution<\/a>. Initial farming of white yam<\/a> progressed into millet<\/a> and sorghum<\/a>, and before 3000 BC the domestication of African oil palm<\/a> improved the groups’ nutrition and allowed for expansion of the local populations. This Agricultural Revolution, combined with a “Fish-stew Revolution”, in which fishing began to take place, and the use of boats, allowed for the transportation of goods. Products were often moved in ceramic pots, which are the first known examples of artistic expression from the region’s inhabitants.<\/p>\n The Bouar Megaliths<\/a> in the western region of the country indicate an advanced level of habitation dating back to the very late Neolithic Era<\/a> (c. 3500\u20132700 BC). Ironworking arrived in the region around 1000 BC.<\/p>\n Central Sudanic<\/a>-speaking people settled along the Ubangi River in what is today Central and East CAR. while Bantoid<\/a> peoples migrated from the southwest from Cameroon.<\/p>\n Bananas arrived in the region and added an important source of carbohydrates to the diet; they were also used in the production of alcoholic beverages. Production of copper, salt, dried fish, and textiles dominated the economic trade in the Central African region.<\/p>\n During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were enslaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or South the Ubanqui and Congo rivers. In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people<\/a> became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast. During the 18th century Bandia-Nzakara peoples established the Bangassou Kingdom<\/a> along the Ubangi River. In 1875, the Sudanese sultan Rabih az-Zubayr<\/a> governed Upper-Oubangui, which included present-day CAR.<\/p>\n The European invasion of Central African territory began in the late 19th century during the Scramble for Africa<\/a>. Europeans, primarily the French, Germans, and Belgians, arrived in the area in 1885. France seized and colonized Ubangi-Shari<\/a> territory in 1894. In 1911 at the Treaty of Fez<\/a>, France ceded a nearly 300,000 km\u00b2 portion of the Sangha and Lobaye basins to the German Empire<\/a> which ceded a smaller area (in present-day Chad) to France. After World War I<\/a> France again annexed the territory. Modeled on King Leopold’s<\/a> Congo Free State<\/a>, concessions were doled out to private companies that endeavored to strip the region’s assets as quickly and cheaply as possible before depositing a percentage of their profits into the French treasury. The concessionary companies forced local people to harvest rubber, coffee, and other commodities without pay and held their families hostage until they met their quotas. Between 1890, a year after the French first arrived, and 1940, the population declined by half due to diseases, famine and exploitation by private companies.<\/p>\n In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville<\/a>. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness<\/a>, and Protestant missions were established to spread Christianity. New forms of forced labor were also introduced and a large number of Ubangians were sent to work on the Congo-Ocean Railway<\/a>. Through the period of construction until 1934 there was a continual heavy cost in human lives, with total deaths among all workers along the railway estimated in excess of 17,000 of the construction workers, from a combination of both industrial accidents and diseases including malaria<\/a>. In 1928, a major insurrection, the Kongo-Wara rebellion or ‘war of the hoe handle’, broke out in Western Ubangi-Shari and continued for several years. The extent of this insurrection, which was perhaps the largest anti-colonial rebellion in Africa during the interwar years, was carefully hidden from the French public because it provided evidence of strong opposition to French colonial rule and forced labor.<\/p>\n In September 1940, during the Second World War<\/a>, pro-Gaullist<\/a> French officers took control of Ubangi-Shari and General Leclerc<\/a> established his headquarters for the Free French Forces<\/a> in Bangui<\/a>. In 1946 Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my Boganda<\/a> was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly<\/a>, becoming the first representative of the CAR in the French government. Boganda maintained a political stance against racism and the colonial regime but gradually became disheartened with the French political system and returned to CAR to establish the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa<\/a> in 1950.<\/p>\n In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election<\/a> in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he declared the establishment of the Central African Republic and served as the country’s first prime minister. MESAN continued to exist, but its role was limited. After Boganda’s death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko<\/a>, took control of MESAN and became the country’s first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France. Dacko threw out his political rivals, including former Prime Minister and Mouvement d’\u00e9volution d\u00e9mocratique de l’Afrique centrale (MEDAC)<\/a>, leader Abel Goumba<\/a>, whom he forced into exile in France. With all opposition parties suppressed by November 1962, Dacko declared MESAN as the official party of the state.<\/p>\n On 31 December 1965, Dacko was overthrown in the Saint-Sylvestre coup d’\u00e9tat<\/a> by Colonel Jean-B\u00e9del Bokassa<\/a>, who suspended the constitution and dissolved the National Assembly. President Bokassa declared himself President for Life in 1972, and named himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire (as the country was renamed) on 4 December 1976. A year later, Emperor Bokassa crowned himself in a lavish and expensive ceremony that was ridiculed by much of the world.<\/p>\n In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa’s decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings. In September 1979, France overthrew Bokassa<\/a> and restored Dacko to power (subsequently restoring the name of the country and the original government to the Central African Republic). Dacko, in turn, was again overthrown in a coup<\/a> by General Andr\u00e9 Kolingba<\/a> on 1 September 1981.<\/p>\n Kolingba suspended the constitution and ruled with a military junta until 1985. He introduced a new constitution in 1986 which was adopted by a nationwide referendum. Membership in his new party, the Rassemblement D\u00e9mocratique Centrafricain (RDC)<\/a>, was voluntary. In 1987 and 1988, semi-free elections to parliament were held, but Kolingba’s two major political opponents, Abel Goumba and Ange-F\u00e9lix Patass\u00e9<\/a>, were not allowed to participate.<\/p>\n By 1990, inspired by the fall of the Berlin Wall, a pro-democracy movement arose. Pressure from the United States, France, and from a group of locally represented countries and agencies called GIBAFOR (France, the US, Germany, Japan, the EU, the World Bank<\/a>, and the UN) finally led Kolingba to agree, in principle, to hold free elections in October 1992 with help from the UN Office of Electoral Affairs. After using the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the results of the elections as a pretext for holding on to power, President Kolingba came under intense pressure from GIBAFOR to establish a “Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la R\u00e9publique” (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a “Mixed Electoral Commission”, which included representatives from all political parties.<\/p>\n When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-F\u00e9lix Patass\u00e9 won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%. Patass\u00e9’s party, the Mouvement pour la Lib\u00e9ration du Peuple Centrafricain (MLPC) or Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, gained a simple but not an absolute majority of seats in parliament, which meant Patass\u00e9’s party required coalition partners.[35]<\/p>\n Patass\u00e9 purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patass\u00e9’s government of conducting a “witch hunt” against the Yakoma. A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country’s politics. In 1996\u20131997, reflecting steadily decreasing public confidence in the government’s erratic behaviour, three mutinies against Patass\u00e9’s administration were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and heightened ethnic tension. During this time (1996) the Peace Corps evacuated all its volunteers to neighboring Cameroon. To date, the Peace Corps has not returned to the Central African Republic. The Bangui Agreements, signed in January 1997, provided for the deployment of an inter-African military mission, to Central African Republic and re-entry of ex-mutineers into the government on 7 April 1997. The inter-African military mission was later replaced by a U.N. peacekeeping force (MINURCA)<\/a>. Since 1997, the country has hosted almost a dozen peacekeeping interventions, earning it the title of “world champion of peacekeeping”.<\/p>\n In 1998, parliamentary elections resulted in Kolingba’s RDC winning 20 out of 109 seats but in 1999, in spite of widespread public anger in urban centers over his corrupt rule, Patass\u00e9 won a second term in the presidential election.<\/p>\n On 28 May 2001, rebels stormed strategic buildings in Bangui in an unsuccessful coup attempt<\/a>. The army chief of staff, Abel Abrou, and General Fran\u00e7ois N’Djadder Bedaya were killed, but Patass\u00e9 regained the upper hand by bringing in at least 300 troops of the Congolese rebel leader Jean-Pierre Bemba<\/a> and Libyan soldiers.<\/p>\n In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patass\u00e9 sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patass\u00e9 came to suspect that General Fran\u00e7ois Boziz\u00e9<\/a> was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Boziz\u00e9 to flee with loyal troops to Chad. In March 2003, Boziz\u00e9 launched a surprise attack against Patass\u00e9, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba’s Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Boziz\u00e9’s forces succeeded in overthrowing Patass\u00e9.<\/p>\n Fran\u00e7ois Boziz\u00e9 suspended the constitution and named a new cabinet, which included most opposition parties. Abel Goumba was named vice-president, which gave Boziz\u00e9’s new government a positive image. Boziz\u00e9 established a broad-based National Transition Council to draft a new constitution, and announced that he would step down and run for office once the new constitution was approved.<\/p>\n In 2004, the Central African Republic Bush War began, as forces opposed to Boziz\u00e9 took up arms against his government. In May 2005, Boziz\u00e9 won the presidential election, which excluded Patass\u00e9, and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Boziz\u00e9’s government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country’s northern regions. Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, the French assistance eventually included strikes by Dassault Mirage 2000 fighters<\/a> against rebel positions.<\/p>\n The Syrte Agreement in February and the Birao Peace Agreement in April 2007 called for a cessation of hostilities, the billeting of FDPC<\/a> fighters and their integration with FACA, the liberation of political prisoners, integration of FDPC into government, an amnesty for the UFDR<\/a>, its recognition as a political party, and the integration of its fighters into the national army. Several groups continued to fight but other groups signed on to the agreement, or similar agreements with the government (e.g. UFR on 15 December 2008). The only major group not to sign an agreement at the time was the CPJP<\/a>, which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012.<\/p>\n In 2011, Boziz\u00e9 was reelected in an election which was widely considered fraudulent.<\/p>\n In November 2012, S\u00e9l\u00e9ka<\/a>, a coalition of rebel groups, took over towns in the northern and central regions of the country. These groups eventually reached a peace deal with the Boziz\u00e9’s government in January 2013 involving a power sharing government but this deal broke down and the rebels seized the capital in March 2013 and Boziz\u00e9 fled the country.<\/p>\n Michel Djotodia<\/a> took over as president. Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye<\/a> requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Boziz\u00e9 was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide. By the end of the year there were international warnings of a “genocide” and fighting was largely from reprisal attacks on civilians from Seleka’s predominantly Muslim fighters and Christian militias called “anti-balaka<\/a>.” By August 2013, there were reports of over 200,000 internally displaced persons<\/a>.<\/p>\n French President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande<\/a> called on the UN Security Council and African Union to increase their efforts to stabilize the country. On 18 February 2014, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon<\/a> called on the UN Security Council to immediately deploy 3,000 troops to the country, bolstering the 6,000 African Union soldiers and 2,000 French troops already in the country, to combat civilians being murdered in large numbers. The S\u00e9l\u00e9ka government was said to be divided and in September 2013, Djotodia officially disbanded Seleka, but many rebels refused to disarm, becoming known as ex-Seleka, and veered further out of government control. It is argued that the focus of the initial disarmament efforts exclusively on the Seleka inadvertently handed the anti-Balaka the upper hand, leading to the forced displacement of Muslim civilians by anti-Balaka in Bangui and western CAR.<\/p>\n On 11 January 2014, Michael Djotodia and Nicolas Tiengaye resigned as part of a deal negotiated at a regional summit in neighboring Chad. Catherine Samba-Panza<\/a> was elected as interim president by the National Transitional Council, becoming the first ever female Central African president. On 23 July 2014, following Congolese mediation efforts, S\u00e9l\u00e9ka and anti-balaka representatives signed a ceasefire agreement in Brazzaville. By the end of 2014, the country was de-facto partitioned with the anti-Balaka in the southwest and ex-Seleka in the northeast. On 14 December 2015, S\u00e9l\u00e9ka rebel leaders declared an independent Republic of Logone<\/a>.<\/p>\n The Central African Republic is a landlocked nation within the interior of the African continent. It is bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo.<\/p>\n Much of the country consists of flat or rolling plateau savanna approximately 500 metres (1,640 ft) above sea level. Most of the northern half lies within the World Wildlife Fund’s<\/a> East Sudanian savanna eco-region. In addition to the Fertit Hills in the northeast of the CAR, there are scattered hills in the southwest regions. In the northwest is the Yade Massif, a granite plateau with an altitude of 348 meters (1,143 ft).<\/p>\n At 622,941 square kilometers (240,519 sq mi), the Central African Republic is the world’s 45th-largest country. It is comparable in size to Ukraine<\/a>.<\/p>\n Much of the southern border is formed by tributaries of the Congo River; the Mbomou River<\/a> in the east merges with the Uele River<\/a> to form the Ubangi River, which also comprises portions of the southern border. The Sangha River<\/a> flows through some of the western regions of the country, while the eastern border lies along the edge of the Nile River<\/a> watershed.<\/p>\n It has been estimated that up to 8% of the country is covered by forest, with the densest parts generally located in the southern regions. The deforestation rate is about 0.4% per annum, and lumber poaching is commonplace.<\/p>\n In 2008, Central African Republic was the world’s least light pollution<\/a> affected country.<\/p>\n The Central African Republic is the focal point of the Bangui Magnetic Anomaly<\/a>, one of the largest magnetic anomalies on Earth.<\/p>\n The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicine.<\/p>\n The currency of Central African Republic is the CFA franc, which is accepted across the former countries of French West Africa and trades at a fixed rate to the euro. Diamonds constitute the country’s most important export, accounting for 40\u201355% of export revenues, but it is estimated that between 30% and 50% of those produced each year leave the country clandestinely.<\/p>\n Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava<\/a>, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame<\/a>, and plantain<\/a>. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year. Food crops are not exported in large quantities, but still constitute the principal cash crops of the country, because Central Africans derive far more income from the periodic sale of surplus food crops than from exported cash crops such as cotton or coffee. Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly<\/a>.<\/p>\n The Republic’s primary import partner is the Netherlands<\/a> (19.5%). Other imports come from Cameroon<\/a> (9.7%), France (9.3%), and South Korea<\/a> (8.7%). Its largest export partner is Belgium<\/a> (31.5%), followed by China<\/a> (27.7%), the Democratic Republic of Congo<\/a> (8.6%), Indonesia<\/a> (5.2%), and France (4.5%).<\/p>\n Bangui is the transport hub of the Central African Republic. As of 1999, eight roads connected the city to other main towns in the country, Cameroon, Chad and South Sudan; of these, only the toll roads are paved. During the rainy season from July to October, some roads are impassable.<\/p>\n River ferries sail from the river port at Bangui to Brazzaville and Zongo<\/a>. The river can be navigated most of the year between Bangui and Brazzaville. From Brazzaville, goods are transported by rail to Pointe-Noire<\/a>, Congo’s Atlantic port. The river port handles the overwhelming majority of the country’s international trade and has a cargo handling capacity of 350,000 tons; it has 350 metres (1,150 ft) length of wharfs and 24,000 square metres (260,000 sq ft) of warehousing space.<\/p>\n Bangui M’Poko International Airport<\/a> is Central African Republic’s only international airport. As of June 2014 it had regularly scheduled direct flights to Brazzaville<\/a>, Casablanca<\/a>, Cotonou<\/a>, Douala<\/a>, Kinshasha<\/a>, Lom\u00e9<\/a>, Luanda<\/a>, Malabo<\/a>, N’Djamena<\/a>, Paris<\/a>, Pointe-Noire<\/a>, and Yaound\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n Since at least 2002 there have been plans to connect Bangui by rail to the Transcameroon Railway<\/a>.<\/p>\n The national flag of the Central African Republic was officially adopted in 1958. It has been retained since that time with the same design, four horizontal stripes of blue, white, green and yellow, and a single vertical band of red, with a yellow five-pointed star in the upper left corner.<\/p>\n The design consists of four horizontal stripes and one vertical stripe, and a single yellow five-pointed star in the upper left. The colors chosen are intended to be symbolic of France (blue and white) and Africa (green and yellow) with the red vertical stripe connecting them both in unity, and the respect that Europeans and Africans should have for each other. The yellow star is intended to be indicative of independence. The Constitution of the Central African Republic describes the flag as “four equal sized horizontal bands of the colours blue, white, green and yellow, perpendicularly barred in their centre by a red band of equal size and marked in the upper left corner by a yellow five-pointed star.”<\/p>\n The flag of the Central African Republic was adopted by the Legislative Assembly on 1 December 1958. At the time it was introduced, President Barth\u00e9lemy Boganda<\/a> stated in the national Legislative Assembly that “Those colours, which symbolize the four territories constituting the French Equatorial Africa<\/a> but also our guide territory, the Metropolitan France<\/a>, came out of my heart. The red stripe which crosses the four colours is the symbol of our blood. As we did it when France was in danger, we shall shed our blood for Africa and to protect the Central African Republic, member of the French Community.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The design consists of four horizontal stripes and one vertical stripe, and a single yellow five-pointed star in the upper left. The colours chosen are intended to be symbolic of France (blue and white) and Africa (green and yellow) with the red vertical stripe connecting them both in unity, and the respect that Europeans and Africans should have for each other. The yellow star is intended to be indicative of independence. The Constitution of the Central African Republic describes the flag as “four equal sized horizontal bands of the colours blue, white, green and yellow, perpendicularly barred in their centre by a red band of equal size and marked in the upper left corner by a yellow five-pointed star.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[19,59,5,27,6,7],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/CAR-on-the-Globe-300x279.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>History:<\/h2>\n
Early History:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Bouar-Megaliths-197x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>16th\u201319th Century:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/The-Sultan-of-Bangassou-and-his-wives-1906-300x221.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>French Colonial Period:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Charles-De-Gaulle-in-Bangui-1940-300x203.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Since Independence (1960\u2013Present):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Jean-B\u00e9del-Bokassa-Self-Crowned-Emperor-of-Central-Africa-205x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/General-Andr\u00e9-Kolingba-300x229.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Northern-Rebels-2007-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Refugees-in-2014-300x184.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Geography:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/City-Map-of-the-CAR-300x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Falls-of-Boali-on-the-Mbali-River-199x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Economy:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/CAR-Export-Map-300x235.jpeg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Bangui-Shopping-District-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nTransportation:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Trucks-in-Bangui-300x225.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Flag of the Central African Republic:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/01\/Flag-of-the-Central-African-Republic-300x200.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>