{"id":4516,"date":"2020-03-12T04:00:28","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T04:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/?p=4516"},"modified":"2020-02-11T17:23:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T17:23:47","slug":"denmark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/denmark\/","title":{"rendered":"Denmark"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction:<\/h2>\n

Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Nordic country<\/a> in Northwest Europe<\/a>. Denmark proper, which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries<\/a>, consists of a peninsula, Jutland<\/a>, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand<\/a>, Funen<\/a> and the North Jutlandic Island<\/a>. The islands are characterized by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations, Denmark lies southwest of Sweden <\/a>and south of Norway<\/a>, and is bordered to the south by Germany<\/a>. The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands <\/a>and Greenland<\/a>. Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 (16,573 sq mi), land area of 42,394 km2 (16,368 sq mi), and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 (853,509 sq mi), and a population of 5.8 million (as of 2019).<\/p>\n

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Denmark on the Globe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea<\/a>. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union<\/a>, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession<\/a> in 1523. The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814, Denmark\u2013Norway<\/a>. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire<\/a>, ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden. After the Napoleonic Wars<\/a>, Norway was ceded to Sweden, while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland<\/a>. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, which were defeated in the First Schleswig War<\/a>. After the Second Schleswig War<\/a> in 1864, Denmark lost the Duchy of Schleswig<\/a> to Prussia. Denmark remained neutral during World War I, however, in 1920 the northern half of Schleswig became Danish again. In April 1940, a German invasion<\/a> saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement<\/a> was active from 1943 until the German surrende<\/a>r in May 1945. An industrialized exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labor-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy.<\/p>\n

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Denmark Within the European Union<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy, which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy. The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen<\/a>, the nation’s capital, largest city, and main commercial center. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community<\/a> (now the EU) in 1973, but negotiated certain opt-outs; it retains its own currency, the krone<\/a>. It is among the founding members of NATO<\/a>, the Nordic Council<\/a>, the OECD<\/a>, OSCE<\/a>, and the United Nations<\/a>; it is also part of the Schengen Area<\/a>. Denmark has close ties to its Scandinavian neighbors also linguistically, with the Danish language<\/a> being partially mutually intelligible with both Norwegian<\/a> and Swedish<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Schengen Area Map<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Denmark is considered to be one of the most economically and socially developed countries in the world. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, LGBT equality, prosperity, and human development. The country ranks as having the world’s highest social mobility, a high level of income equality, has the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, the eleventh-most developed in the world, has one of the world’s highest per-capita incomes, and one of the world’s highest personal income tax rates.<\/p>\n

Etymology:<\/h2>\n

The etymology of the name “Denmark”, the relationship between “Danes” and “Denmark”, and the emergence of Denmark as a unified kingdom are topics of continuous scholarly debate. This is centered primarily on the prefix “Dan” and whether it refers to the Dani<\/a> or a historical person Dan<\/a> and the exact meaning of the -“mark” ending.<\/p>\n

Most etymological dictionaries and handbooks derive “Dan” from a word meaning “flat land”, related to German Tenne “threshing floor”, English den “cave”. The element mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland, with probable references to the border forests in south Schleswig.<\/p>\n

The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones<\/a>, which are runestones<\/a> believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old<\/a> (c.?955) and Harald Bluetooth<\/a> (c.?965). The larger of the two stones is popularly cited as the “baptismal certificate” (d\u00e5bsattest) of Denmark, though both use the word “Denmark”, in the accusative tanmaurk on the large stone, and the genitive<\/a> “tanmarkar” on the small stone, The inhabitants of Denmark are there called tani , or “Danes”, in the accusative.<\/p>\n

History:<\/h2>\n

Prehistory:<\/h3>\n

The earliest archaeological finds<\/a> in Denmark date back to the Eem inter-glacial period from 130,000\u2013110,000 BC. Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC. The Nordic Bronze Age<\/a> (1800\u2013600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds<\/a>, which left an abundance of findings including lurs<\/a> and the Sun Chariot<\/a>.<\/p>\n

During the Pre-Roman Iron Age<\/a> (500 BC \u2013 AD 1), native groups began migrating south, and the first tribal Danes came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the Germanic Iron Age<\/a>, in the Roman Iron Age<\/a> (AD 1\u2013400). The Roman provinces<\/a> maintained trade routes and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and Roman coins have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong Celtic<\/a> cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of North-West Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the Gundestrup cauldron<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Trundholm Sun Chariot From Bronze Age<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The tribal Danes came from the east Danish islands (Zealand) and Scania<\/a> and spoke an early form of North Germanic. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of Jutland and the nearest islands were settled by tribal Jutes<\/a>. The Jutes migrated to Great Britain eventually, some as mercenaries of Brythonic<\/a> King Vortigern<\/a>, and were granted the south-eastern territories of Kent<\/a>, the Isle of Wight<\/a> and other areas, where they settled. They were later absorbed or ethnically cleansed by the invading Angles<\/a> and Saxons<\/a>, who formed the Anglo-Saxons<\/a>. The remaining Jutish population in Jutland assimilated in with the settling Danes.<\/p>\n

A short note about the Dani in “Getica<\/a>” by the historian Jordanes<\/a> is believed to be an early mention of the Danes, one of the ethnic groups from whom modern Danes are descended. The Danevirke<\/a> defense structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward and the sheer size of the construction efforts in AD 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king. A new runic alphabet<\/a> was first used around the same time and Ribe<\/a>, the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700.<\/p>\n

Viking and Middle Ages:<\/h3>\n

From the 8th to the 10th century the wider Scandinavian region was the source of Vikings<\/a>. They colonized, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern British Isles<\/a> and Western Europe. They conquered and settled parts of England<\/a> (known as the Danelaw<\/a>) under King Sweyn Forkbeard<\/a> in 1013, and France where Danes and Norwegians founded Normandy<\/a> with Rollo<\/a> as head of state. More Anglo-Saxon pence of this period have been found in Denmark than in England.<\/p>\n

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The Ladby Viking Ship<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Denmark was largely consolidated by the late 8th century and its rulers are consistently referred to in Frankish sources<\/a> as kings (reges). Under the reign of Gudfred<\/a> in 804 the Danish kingdom may have included all the lands of Jutland, Scania and the Danish islands, excluding Bornholm. The extant Danish monarchy traces its roots back to Gorm the Old, who established his reign in the early 10th century. As attested by the Jelling stones, the Danes were Christianised around 965 by Harald Bluetooth, the son of Gorm. It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the rising Christian power in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire<\/a>, which was an important trading area for the Danes. In that case, Harald built six fortresses around Denmark called Trelleborg<\/a> and built a further Danevirke. In the early 11th century, Canute the Great<\/a> won and united Denmark, England, and Norway for almost 30 years with a Scandinavian army.<\/p>\n

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Jelling Stone Raised by Harald Bluetooth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Throughout the High<\/a> and Late Middle Ages<\/a>, Denmark also included Sk\u00e5neland<\/a> (the areas of Scania, Halland<\/a>, and Blekinge<\/a> in present-day south Sweden) and Danish kings ruled Danish Estonia<\/a>, as well as the duchies of Schleswig<\/a> and Holstein<\/a>. Most of the latter two now form the state of Schleswig-Holstein<\/a> in northern Germany.<\/p>\n

In 1397, Denmark entered into a personal union<\/a> with Norway and Sweden, united under Queen Margaret I<\/a>. The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union. However, even from the start, Margaret may not have been so idealistic\u2014treating Denmark as the clear “senior” partner of the union. Thus, much of the next 125 years of Scandinavian history<\/a> revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as Swedish King Gustav Vasa<\/a> conquered the city of Stockholm. The Protestant Reformation<\/a> spread to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the Count’s Feud civil war<\/a>, Denmark converted to Lutheranism<\/a> in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.<\/p>\n

Early Modern History:<\/h3>\n

After Sweden permanently broke away<\/a> from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbor. King Christian IV<\/a> attacked Sweden in the 1611\u20131613 Kalmar War<\/a> but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdaler to Denmark, an amount known as the \u00c4lvsborg ransom<\/a>. King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably Gl\u00fcckstadt<\/a> (founded as a rival to Hamburg) and Christiania<\/a>. Inspired by the Dutch East India Company<\/a>, he founded a similar Danish company<\/a> and planned to claim Ceylon<\/a> as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire Tranquebar<\/a> on India’s Coromandel Coast<\/a>. Denmark’s large colonial aspirations included a few key trading posts in Africa and India. While Denmark’s trading posts in India were of little note, it played an important role in the highly lucrative transatlantic slave trade, through its trading outposts in Fort Cristiansborg<\/a> in Osu<\/a>, Ghana<\/a> though which 1.5 million slaves were traded. While the Danish colonial empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and plantations \u2013 ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.<\/p>\n

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Danish Colonies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In the Thirty Years’ War<\/a>, Christian tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter<\/a>. The result was that the Catholic army under Albrecht von Wallenstein<\/a> was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark to withdraw from the war<\/a>. Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King Gustavus Adolphus’<\/a> intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark’s influence in the region was declining. Swedish armies invaded Jutland<\/a> in 1643 and claimed Scania in 1644.<\/p>\n

In the 1645 Treaty of Br\u00f8msebro<\/a>, Denmark surrendered Halland, Gotland<\/a>, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway. In 1657, King Frederick III<\/a> declared war on Sweden and marched on Bremen-Verden<\/a>. This led to a massive Danish defeat and the armies of King Charles X Gustav<\/a> of Sweden conquered Jutland, Funen, and much of Zealand before signing the Peace of Roskilde<\/a> in February 1658, which gave Sweden control of Scania, Blekinge, Tr\u00f8ndelag<\/a>, and the island of Bornholm<\/a>. Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having ruined Denmark and in August 1658, he began a two-year-long siege of Copenhagen but he failed to take the capital. In the ensuing peace settlement, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Tr\u00f8ndelag and Bornholm.<\/p>\n

Denmark tried but failed to regain control of Scania in the Scanian War (1675\u20131679)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Battle of Oland<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After the Great Northern War (1700\u201321)<\/a>, Denmark managed to regain control of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein ruled by the house of Holstein-Gottorp<\/a> in the 1720 Treaty of Frederiksborg<\/a> and the 1773 Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo<\/a>, respectively. Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the 18th century due to its neutral status allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark traded with both France<\/a> and the United Kingdom<\/a> and joined the League of Armed Neutrality<\/a> with Russia<\/a>, Sweden, and Prussia<\/a>. The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in 1801<\/a> and 1807<\/a>, in one case carrying off the Danish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. This led to the so-called Danish-British Gunboat War<\/a>. British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union’s economy and in 1813 Denmark\u2013Norway went bankrupt.<\/p>\n

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Extent of the Dano-Norwegian Realm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The union was dissolved by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814<\/a>; the Danish monarchy “irrevocably and forever” renounced claims to the Kingdom of Norway in favor of the Swedish king. Denmark kept the possessions of Iceland (which retained the Danish monarchy until 1944), the Faroe Islands and Greenland, all of which had been governed by Norway for centuries. Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark continued to rule over Danish India<\/a> from 1620 to 1869, the Danish Gold Coast<\/a> (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the Danish West Indies<\/a> from 1671 to 1917.<\/p>\n

Constitutional Monarchy (1849\u2013Present):<\/h3>\n

A nascent Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the European Revolutions of 1848<\/a>, Denmark peacefully became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a two-chamber parliament. Denmark faced war against both Prussia and Austrian Empire<\/a> in what became known as the Second Schleswig War<\/a>, lasting from February to October 1864. Denmark was defeated and obliged to cede Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and territorial losses that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality in Europe.<\/p>\n

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The National Constitutional Assembly 1848<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Industrialization came to Denmark in the second half of the 19th century. The nation’s first railways were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed industry to develop in spite of Denmark’s lack of natural resources. Trade unions developed, starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Danish agriculture became centered on the export of dairy and meat products.<\/p>\n

Denmark maintained its neutral stance during World War I. After the defeat of Germany, the Versailles powers offered to return the region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German irredentism<\/a>, Denmark refused to consider the return of the area without a plebiscite; the two Schleswig Plebiscites<\/a> took place on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. On 10 July 1920, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding some 163,600 inhabitants and 3,984 square kilometers (1,538 sq mi). The country’s first social democratic government took office in 1924.<\/p>\n

In 1939 Denmark signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany<\/a> but Germany invaded Denmark<\/a> on 9 April 1940 and the Danish government quickly surrendered. World War II in Denmark<\/a> was characterized by economic co-operation with Germany until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and its navy scuttled most of its ships<\/a> and sent many of its officers to Sweden, which was neutral. The Danish resistance performed a rescue operation<\/a> that managed to evacuate several thousand Jews and their families to safety in Sweden before the Germans could send them to death camps. Some Danes supported Nazism by joining the Danish Nazi Party<\/a> or volunteering to fight with Germany as part of the Frikorps Danmark<\/a>. Iceland severed ties with Denmark and became an independent republic in 1944; Germany surrendered in May 1945; in 1948, the Faroe Islands gained home rule; in 1949, Denmark became a founding member of NATO.<\/p>\n

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Nazi Occupation of Denmark<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Denmark was a founding member of European Free Trade Association (EFTA)<\/a>. During the 1960s, the EFTA countries were often referred to as the Outer Seven, as opposed to the Inner Six<\/a> of what was then the European Economic Community (EEC). In 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, Denmark joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union<\/a>) after a public referendum<\/a>. The Maastricht Treaty<\/a>, which involved further European integration, was rejected by the Danish people in 1992<\/a>; it was only accepted after a second referendum in 1993<\/a>, which provided for four opt-outs from policies. The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in a referendum in 2000<\/a>. Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and was awarded self-determination in 2009. Neither the Faroe Islands nor Greenland are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies.<\/p>\n

Geography:<\/h2>\n

Located in Northern Europe, Denmark consists of the peninsula of Jutland and 443 named islands<\/a> (1,419 islands above 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft) in total). Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015), with the largest being Zealand, the North Jutlandic Island, and Funen. The island of Bornholm is located east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; the \u00d8resund Bridge<\/a> connects Zealand with Sweden; the Great Belt Bridge<\/a> connects Funen with Zealand; and the Little Belt Bridge<\/a> connects Jutland with Funen. Ferries or small aircraft connect to the smaller islands. The four cities with populations over 100,000 are the capital Copenhagen on Zealand; Aarhus<\/a> and Aalborg<\/a> in Jutland; and Odense<\/a> on Funen.<\/p>\n

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City and Major Bridge Connections Map<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The country occupies a total area of 42,924 square kilometers (16,573 sq mi), and land area of 42,394 square kilometers (16,368.4 sq mi), the latter comparable to that of Estonia<\/a>. The area of inland water is 700 km2 (270 sq mi), variously stated as from 500 \u2013 700 km2 (193\u2013270 sq mi). Lake Arres\u00f8<\/a> northwest of Copenhagen is the largest lake.<\/p>\n

The country is flat with little elevation, having an average height above sea level of 31 metres (102 ft). The highest natural point is M\u00f8lleh\u00f8j<\/a>, at 170.86 meters (560.56 ft). A sizable portion of Denmark’s terrain consists of rolling plains whilst the coastline is sandy, with large dunes in northern Jutland. Although once extensively forested, today Denmark largely consists of arable land. It is drained by a dozen or so rivers, and the most significant include the Guden\u00e5<\/a>, Odense<\/a>, Skjern<\/a>, Sus\u00e5<\/a> and Vid\u00e5<\/a>\u2014a river that flows along its southern border with Germany.<\/p>\n

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Denmark From Space<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Kingdom of Denmark includes two overseas territories, both well to the west of Denmark: Greenland, the world’s largest island, and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. These territories are self-governing and form part of the Danish Realm.<\/p>\n

Economy:<\/h2>\n

Denmark has a developed mixed economy that is classed as a high-income economy by the World Bank. In 2017 it ranked 16th in the world in terms of gross national income (PPP) per capita and 10th in nominal GNI per capita. Denmark’s economy stands out as one of the most free in the Index of Economic Freedom<\/a> and the Economic Freedom of the World<\/a>. It is the 10th most competitive economy in the world, and 6th in Europe, according to the World Economic Forum<\/a> in its Global Competitiveness Report 2018.<\/p>\n

According to the International Monetary Fund<\/a>, Denmark has the world’s highest minimum wage. As Denmark has no minimum wage legislation, the high wage floor has been attributed to the power of trade unions. For example, as the result of a collective bargaining agreement between the 3F trade union<\/a> and the employers group Horesta, workers at McDonald’s<\/a> and other fast food chains make the equivalent of US$20 an hour, which is more than double what their counterparts earn in the United States, and have access to five weeks’ paid vacation, parental leave and a pension plan. Union density in 2015 was 68%.<\/p>\n

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Denmark Is A Leading European Producer of Pork<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Once a predominantly agricultural country on account of its arable landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its industrial base and service sector. By 2017 services contributed circa 75% of GDP, manufacturing about 15% and agriculture less than 2%. Major industries include wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, machinery and transportation equipment, food processing, and construction. Circa 60% of the total export value is due to export of goods, and the remaining 40% is from service exports, mainly sea transport. The country’s main export goods are: wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, furniture and design. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a balance of payments surplus which has transformed the country from a net debitor to a net creditor country. By 1 July 2018, the net international investment position (or net foreign assets) of Denmark was equal to 64.6% of GDP.<\/p>\n

Denmark’s currency, the krone (DKK), is pegged at approximately 7.46 kroner per euro through the ERM II<\/a>. Although a September 2000 referendum rejected adopting the euro, the country follows the policies set forth in the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU)<\/a> and meets the economic convergence criteria<\/a> needed to adopt the euro. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support joining the EMU, but since 2010 opinion polls have consistently shown a clear majority against adopting the euro. In May 2018, 29% of respondents from Denmark in a Eurobarometer<\/a> opinion poll stated that they were in favour of the EMU and the euro, whereas 65% were against it.<\/p>\n

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Lego Bricks are Danish<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ranked by turnover in Denmark, the largest Danish companies are: A.P. M\u00f8ller-M\u00e6rsk<\/a> (international shipping), Novo Nordisk<\/a> (pharmaceuticals), ISS A\/S<\/a> (facility services), Vestas<\/a> (wind turbines), Arla Foods<\/a> (dairy), DSV<\/a> (transport), Carlsberg Group<\/a> (beer), Salling Group<\/a> (retail), \u00d8rsted A\/S<\/a> (power), Danske Bank<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Transportation:<\/h2>\n

Significant investment has been made in building road and rail links between regions in Denmark, most notably the Great Belt Fixed Link, which connects Zealand and Funen. It is now possible to drive from Frederikshavn<\/a> in northern Jutland to Copenhagen on eastern Zealand without leaving the motorway. The main railway operator is DSB<\/a> for passenger services and DB Schenker Rail<\/a> for freight trains. The railway tracks are maintained by Banedanmark<\/a>. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are intertwined by various, international ferry links. Construction of the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link<\/a>, connecting Denmark and Germany with a second link, started in 2015. Copenhagen has a rapid transit system, the Copenhagen Metro<\/a>, and an extensive electrified suburban railway network, the S-train. In the four largest cities \u2013 Copenhagen, Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg \u2013 light rail systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The Great Belt Fixed Link<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cycling in Denmark<\/a> is a very common form of transport, particularly for the young and for city dwellers. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km and an estimated 7,000 km of segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes, Denmark has a solid bicycle infrastructure<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Private vehicles are increasingly used as a means of transport. Because of the high registration tax (150%), VAT (25%), and one of the world’s highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive. The purpose of the tax is to discourage car ownership. In 2007, an attempt was made by the government to favour environmentally friendly cars by slightly reducing taxes on high mileage vehicles. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars, as the cost for older cars\u2014including taxes\u2014keeps them within the budget of many Danes. As of 2011, the average car age is 9.2 years.<\/p>\n

With Norway and Sweden, Denmark is part of the Scandinavian Airlines<\/a> flag carrier. Copenhagen Airport<\/a> is Scandinavia’s busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014.<\/p>\n

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Copenhagen Airport<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Other notable airports are Billund Airport<\/a>, Aalborg Airport<\/a>, and Aarhus Airport<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Flag of Denmark:<\/h2>\n

The flag of Denmark is red with a white Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Flag of Denmark<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A banner with a white-on-red cross is attested as having been used by the kings of Denmark since the 14th century. An origin legend with considerable impact on Danish national historiography connects the introduction of the flag to the Battle of Lindanise of 1219<\/a>. The elongated Nordic cross reflects the use as a maritime flag in the 18th century. The flag became popular as a national flag in the early 19th century. Its private use was outlawed in 1834, and again permitted in a regulation of 1854. The flag holds the world record of being the oldest continuously used national flag.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The flag of Denmark is red with a white Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side.<\/p>\n

A banner with a white-on-red cross is attested as having been used by the kings of Denmark since the 14th century. An origin legend with considerable impact on Danish national historiography connects the introduction of the flag to the Battle of Lindanise of 1219. The elongated Nordic cross reflects the use as a maritime flag in the 18th century. The flag became popular as a national flag in the early 19th century. Its private use was outlawed in 1834, and again permitted in a regulation of 1854. The flag holds the world record of being the oldest continuously used national flag.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4716,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[89,59,26,5,6,7,29,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4516"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4516\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4716"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}