![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/North-Macedonia-in-Europe-300x252.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>The history of the region begins with the kingdom of Paeonia<\/a>, a mixed Thraco<\/a>-Illyrian polity. In the late sixth century BC, the area was subjugated by the Persian Achaemenid Empire<\/a>, then incorporated into the kingdom of Macedonia in the fourth century BC. The Romans<\/a> conquered the region in the second century BC and made it part of the larger province of Macedonia<\/a>. The area remained part of the Byzantine Empire<\/a>, but was often raided and settled by Slavic tribes<\/a> beginning in the sixth century of the Christian era. Following centuries of contention<\/a> between the Bulgarian<\/a>, Byzantine, and Serbian Empire<\/a>, it was part of the Ottoman dominion from the mid-14th until the early 20th century, when, following the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913<\/a>, the modern territory of North Macedonia came under Serbian rule.<\/p>\n During the First World War, it was ruled by Bulgaria, but after the end of the war it returned to being under Serbian rule as part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes<\/a>. During the Second World War<\/a>, it was ruled by Bulgaria again and in 1945 it was established as a constituent state of communist Yugoslavia<\/a>, which it remained until its peaceful secession in 1991<\/a>. The country became a member of the United Nations<\/a> in April 1993, but as a result of a dispute with Greece over the name “Macedonia”, it was admitted under the provisional description “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” (abbreviated as “FYR Macedonia” or “FYROM”). In June 2018, Macedonia and Greece resolved the dispute with an agreement that the country should rename itself “Republic of North Macedonia”. This renaming came into effect in February 2019.<\/p>\n A unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, North Macedonia is a member of the UN, NATO<\/a>, Council of Europe<\/a>, World Bank<\/a>, OSCE<\/a>, CEFTA<\/a>, and the WTO<\/a>. Since 2005, it has also been a candidate for joining the European Union<\/a>. North Macedonia is an upper-middle-income country and has undergone considerable economic reform since independence in developing an open economy. North Macedonia is a developing country, ranking 82nd on the Human Development Index, and provides a social security, universal health care system, and free primary and secondary education to its citizens.<\/p>\n North Macedonia geographically roughly corresponds to the ancient kingdom of Paeonia<\/a>, which was located immediately north of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia<\/a>.<\/p>\n In the late 6th century BC, the Achaemenid Persians<\/a> under Darius the Great<\/a> conquered the Paeonians, incorporating what is today the state of North Macedonia within their vast territories. Following the loss in the Second Persian invasion of Greece in 479 BC<\/a>, the Persians eventually withdrew from their European territories, including from what is today North Macedonia.<\/p>\n Philip II of Macedon<\/a> absorbed the regions of Upper Macedonia<\/a> (Lynkestis and Pelagonia) and the southern part of Paeonia (Deuriopus<\/a>) into the kingdom of Macedon in 356 BC. Philip’s son Alexander the Great<\/a> conquered the remainder of the region and incorporated it in his empire, reaching as far north as Scupi<\/a>, but the city and the surrounding area remained part of Dardania<\/a>.<\/p>\n The Romans established the province of Macedonia<\/a> in 146 BC.<\/p>\n Slavic tribes<\/a> settled in the Balkan region including North Macedonia by the late 6th century AD. During the 580s, Byzantine literature attests to the Slavs raiding Byzantine territories in the region of Macedonia, later aided by Bulgars<\/a>. The Slavic tribes that settled in the region of Macedonia converted to Christianity around the 9th century during the reign of Tsar Boris I of Bulgaria.<\/a><\/p>\n After Sviatoslav’s invasion of Bulgaria,<\/a> the Byzantines took control of East Bulgaria. Samuil<\/a>, one of the Cometopuli brothers, was proclaimed Tsar of Bulgaria. He moved the capital to Skopje and then to Ohrid, which had been the cultural and military center of southwestern Bulgaria since Boris I’s rule. Samuil reestablished Bulgarian power, but after several decades of conflicts, in 1014, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II<\/a> defeated his armies, and within four years the Byzantines restored control over the Balkans (including North Macedonia) for the first time since the 7th century. By the late 12th century, Byzantine decline saw the region contested by various political entities, including a brief Norman<\/a> occupation in the 1080s.<\/p>\n In the early 13th century, a revived Bulgarian Empire<\/a> gained control of the region. Plagued by political difficulties, the empire did not last, and the region came once again under Byzantine control in the early 14th century. In the 14th century, it became part of the Serbian Empire<\/a>. Skopje became the capital of Tsar Stefan Dusan’s<\/a> empire.<\/p>\n Following Dusan’s death, a weak successor appeared, and power struggles between nobles divided the Balkans once again. These events coincided with the entry of the Ottoman Turks<\/a> into Europe.<\/p>\n The Kingdom of Prilep<\/a> was one the short-lived states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian Empire in the 14th century, which was seized by the Ottomans at the end of the same century.<\/p>\n Gradually, all of the central Balkans were conquered by the Ottoman Empire<\/a> and remained under its domination for five centuries as part of the province or Eyalet of Rumelia<\/a>. Rumelia Eyalet was abolished in 1867 and that territory of Macedonia subsequently became part of the province of Manastir Vilayet<\/a> until the end of Ottoman rule in 1912.<\/p>\n Several movements whose goals were the establishment of an autonomous Macedonia, which would encompass the entire region of Macedonia, began to arise in the late 19th century.<\/p>\n In the early years of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization<\/a>, membership eligibility was exclusive to Bulgarians, but later it was extended to all inhabitants of European Turkey regardless of ethnicity or religion. The majority of its members were Macedonian Bulgarians<\/a>. In 1903, IMRO organised the Ilinden\u2013Preobrazhenie Uprising<\/a> against the Ottomans, which after some initial successes, including the forming of the Kru\u0161evo Republic<\/a>, was crushed with much loss of life.<\/p>\n The uprising and the forming of the Kru\u0161evo Republic are considered the cornerstone and precursors to the eventual establishment of the Macedonian state. The leaders of the Ilinden uprising are celebrated as national heroes in North Macedonia.<\/p>\n Following the two Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913<\/a> and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire<\/a>, most of its European-held territories were divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia. The territory that was to become North Macedonia was annexed by Serbia and named South Serbia. Following the partition, an anti-Bulgarian campaign was carried out in the areas under Serbian and Greek control.<\/p>\n In the fall of 1915, Bulgaria joined the Central Powers<\/a> in the First World War<\/a> and occupied most of today’s North Macedonia. After the end of the First World War, the area returned to Serbian control as part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes<\/a> and saw a reintroduction of the anti-Bulgarian measures.<\/p>\n In 1929, the Kingdom was officially renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and divided into provinces called banovinas<\/a>.<\/p>\n South Serbia, including all of what is now the state of North Macedonia, became the Vardar Banovina<\/a> of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n During World War II, Yugoslavia was occupied by the Axis powers from 1941 to 1945. The Vardar Banovina was divided between Bulgaria and Italian-occupied Albania.<\/p>\n The Bulgarian authorities, under German pressure, were responsible for the round-up and deportation of over 7,000 Jews in Skopje and Bitola. Harsh rule by the occupying forces encouraged many Macedonians to support the Communist Partisan<\/a> resistance movement of Josip Broz Tito<\/a> after 1943, and the National Liberation War<\/a> ensued.<\/p>\n Compelled by the Soviet Union with a view towards the creation of a large South Slav Federation, in 1946 the new Communist government, led by Georgi Dimitrov<\/a>, agreed to give Bulgarian Macedonia to a United Macedonia<\/a>. With the Bled agreement<\/a>, in 1947 Bulgaria formally confirmed the envisioned unification of the Macedonian region, but postponed this act until after the formation of the future Federation. It was the first time it accepted the existence of a separate Macedonian ethnicity and language. After the Tito\u2013Stalin split<\/a> the region of Pirin Macedonia remained part of Bulgaria.<\/p>\n In December 1944 the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM)<\/a> proclaimed the People’s Republic of Macedonia as part of the People’s Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n The new republic became one of the six republics of the Yugoslav federation. Following the federation’s renaming as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963, the People’s Republic of Macedonia was likewise renamed the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.<\/p>\n North Macedonia officially celebrates 8 September 1991 as Independence day<\/a>, with regard to the referendum endorsing independence from Yugoslavia<\/a>. The anniversary of the start of the Ilinden Uprising (St. Elijah’s Day<\/a>) on 2 August is also widely celebrated on an official level as the Day of the Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n Robert Badinter<\/a>, as the head of the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia<\/a>, recommended EC recognition in January 1992.<\/p>\n North Macedonia remained at peace through the Yugoslav Wars of the early 1990s. A few very minor changes to its border with Yugoslavia were agreed upon to resolve problems with the demarcation line between the two countries. It was seriously destabilised by the Kosovo War in 1999, when an estimated 360,000 ethnic Albanian refugees from Kosovo took refuge in the country. They departed shortly after the war, and Albanian nationalists<\/a> on both sides of the border took up arms soon after in pursuit of autonomy or independence for the Albanian-populated areas of North Macedonia.<\/p>\n A conflict<\/a> took place between the government and ethnic Albanian insurgents, mostly in the north and west of the country, between February and August 2001.<\/p>\n The war ended with the intervention of a NATO ceasefire monitoring force. Under the terms of the Ohrid Agreement<\/a>, the government agreed to devolve greater political power and cultural recognition to the Albanian minority. The Albanian side agreed to abandon separatist demands and to recognize all Macedonian institutions fully.<\/p>\n Inter-ethnic tensions<\/a> flared in North Macedonia in 2012, with incidents of violence between ethnic Albanians and Macedonians.<\/p>\n The Prespa agreement<\/a>, which replaces the Interim Accord of 1995, was signed on 17 June 2018 by the two foreign ministers Nikola Dimitrov<\/a> and Nikos Kotzias<\/a> and in the presence of the respective prime ministers, Zoran Zaev<\/a> and Alexis Tsipras<\/a>.<\/p>\n The withdrawal of the Greek veto resulted in the European Union on 27 June approving the start of accession talks<\/a> with the Republic of Macedonia, which were expected to take place in 2019, under the condition that the Prespa deal was implemented and the country’s name was changed to Republic of North Macedonia. On 5 July, the Prespa agreement was ratified again by the Macedonian parliament with 69 MPs voting in favour of it. On 12 July, NATO invited Macedonia to start accession talks in a bid to become the EuroAtlantic alliance’s 30th member. On 30 July, the parliament of Macedonia approved plans to hold a non-binding referendum on changing the country’s name<\/a>, which took place on 30 September. Ninety-one percent of voters voted in favour with a 37% turnout, but the referendum was not carried because of a constitutional requirement for a 50% turnout.<\/p>\n On 6 February 2019, the permanent representatives of NATO member states and Macedonian Foreign Affairs Minister Nikola Dimitrov, signed in Brussels the accession protocol of North Macedonia into NATO. The protocol was then ratified on 8 February by the Greek parliament, thus completing all the preconditions for putting into force the Prespa agreement. Subsequently, on 12 February the Macedonian government announced the formal activation of the constitutional amendments which effectively renamed the country as North Macedonia and informed accordingly the United Nations and its member states.<\/p>\n In March 2020, after the ratification process by all NATO members was completed, North Macedonia acceded to NATO, becoming the 30th member state.<\/p>\n The same month, the leaders of the European Union formally gave approval to North Macedonia begin talks to join the EU.<\/p>\n North Macedonia has a total area of 25,713 km2 (9,928 sq mi). North Macedonia has some 748 km (465 mi) of boundaries, shared with Serbia<\/a> (62 km or 39 mi) to the North, Kosovo<\/a> (159 km or 99 mi) to the northwest, Bulgaria<\/a> (148 km or 92 mi) to the east, Greece<\/a> (228 km or 142 mi) to the south, and Albania<\/a> (151 km or 94 mi) to the west.<\/p>\n North Macedonia is a landlocked country that is geographically clearly defined by a central valley formed by the Vardar river and framed along its borders by mountain ranges. The terrain is mostly rugged, located between the \u0160ar Mountains<\/a> and Osogovo<\/a>, which frame the valley of the Vardar<\/a> river. Three large lakes\u2014Lake Ohrid<\/a>, Lake Prespa<\/a> and Dojran Lake<\/a>\u2014lie on the southern borders, bisected by the frontiers with Albania and Greece. Ohrid is considered to be one of the oldest lakes and biotopes in the world. The region is seismically active and has been the site of destructive earthquakes in the past, most recently in 1963 when Skopje was heavily damaged by a major earthquake, killing over 1,000.<\/p>\n North Macedonia also has scenic mountains. They belong to two different mountain ranges: the first is the \u0160ar Mountains that continues to the West Vardar\/Pelagonia group of mountains (Baba Mountain<\/a>, Nid\u017ee<\/a>, Kozuf<\/a> and Jakupica<\/a>), also known as the Dinaric range<\/a>. The second range is the Osogovo<\/a>\u2013Belasica<\/a> mountain chain, also known as the Rhodope range<\/a>. The mountains belonging to the \u0160ar Mountains and the West Vardar\/Pelagonia range are younger and higher than the older mountains of the Osogovo-Belasica mountain group. Mount Korab<\/a> of the \u0160ar Mountains on the Albanian border, at 2,764 m (9,068 ft), is the tallest mountain in North Macedonia. In North Macedonia there are 1,100 large sources of water. The rivers flow into three different basins: the Aegean, the Adriatic<\/a> and the Black Sea<\/a>.<\/p>\n The Aegean basin is the largest. It covers 87% of the territory of North Macedonia, which is 22,075 square kilometers (8,523 sq mi). Vardar, the largest river in this basin, drains 80% of the territory or 20,459 square kilometers (7,899 sq mi). Its valley plays an important part in the economy and the communication system of the country. The Vardar Valley project is considered to be crucial for the strategic development of the country. The river Black Drin<\/a> forms the Adriatic basin, which covers an area of about 3,320 km2 (1,282 sq mi), i.e., 13% of the territory. It receives water from Lakes Prespa and Ohrid. The Black Sea basin is the smallest with only 37 km2 (14 sq mi). It covers the northern side of Mount Skopska Crna Gora<\/a>. This is the source of the river Binachka Morava, which joins the Morava<\/a>, and later, the Danube<\/a>, which flows into the Black Sea. North Macedonia has around fifty ponds and three natural lakes, Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa and Lake Dojran. In North Macedonia there are nine spa towns and resorts: Bani\u0161te, Banja Bansko, Istibanja, Katlanovo, Ke\u017eovica<\/a>, Kosovrasti, Banja Ko\u010dani, Kumanovski Banji and Negorci.<\/p>\n Ranked as the fourth “best reformatory state” out of 178 countries ranked by the World Bank in 2009, North Macedonia has undergone considerable economic reform since independence. The country has developed an open economy with trade accounting for more than 90% of GDP in recent years. Since 1996, North Macedonia has witnessed steady, though slow, economic growth with GDP growing by 3.1% in 2005. This figure was projected to rise to an average of 5.2% in the 2006\u20132010 period.<\/p>\n In terms of foreign trade, the largest sector contributing to the country’s export in 2014 was “chemicals and related products” at 21.4%, followed by the “machinery and transport equipment” sector at 21.1%. North Macedonia’s main import sectors in 2014 were “manufactured goods classified chiefly by material” with 34.2%, “machinery and transport equipment” with 18.7% and “mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials” with 14.4% of the total imports.<\/p>\n The outbreak of the Yugoslav wars and the imposition of sanctions on Serbia and Montenegro caused great damage to the country’s economy, with Serbia constituting 60% of its markets before the disintegration of Yugoslavia. When Greece imposed a trade embargo on the Republic in 1994\u201395, the economy was also affected. Some relief was afforded by the end of the Bosnian War in November 1995 and the lifting of the Greek embargo, but the Kosovo War of 1999 and the 2001 Albanian crisis caused further destabilisation.<\/p>\n Since the end of the Greek embargo, Greece has become the country’s most important business partner. Many Greek companies have bought former state companies in North Macedonia, such as the oil refinery Okta, the baking company Zhito Luks, a marble mine in Prilep, textile facilities in Bitola, etc., and employ 20,000 people.<\/p>\n Tourism plays a significant role in the economy of North Macedonia accounting for 6.7% of its GDP in 2016. The annual income from tourism was estimated at 38.5 billion denars (\u20ac616 million) in that year. Following its independence, the most serious negative impact on tourism performance occurred due to the armed conflicts taking place in 2001. The number of foreign visitors has been on the rise since, with a 14.6% increase in 2011. In 2019, North Macedonia received 1,184,963 tourist arrivals out of which 757,593 foreign. Most numerous are tourists from Turkey, neighboring Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria, Poland and other countries of Western Europe. The biggest bulk of tourists, approximately 60% of the million tourists that visited the country in 2017, was situated in Skopje and the southwestern region of the country.<\/p>\n The most significant tourism branches are lake tourism as there are three lakes in Ohrid, Prespa and Dojran and over 50 small glacial lakes of variable sizes, mountainous tourism as there are 16 mountains higher than 2,000 metres. Other forms of tourism also include rural and ecotourism, city tourism and cultural tourism, represented through gastronomy, traditional music, cultural celebrations and cultural heritage sites.<\/p>\n North Macedonia (along with Montenegro<\/a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/a> and Kosovo) belongs to the less-developed southern region of the former Yugoslavia. Its main land and rail exports route, through Serbia, remains unreliable with high transit costs, thereby affecting the export of its formerly highly profitable, early vegetables market to Germany.<\/p>\n The total length of the railway network in North Macedonia is 699 km (434 mi). Operated by Makedonski \u017deleznici<\/a>, the most important railway line is the line on the border with Serbia\u2013Kumanovo\u2013Skopje\u2013Veles\u2013Gevgelija\u2013border with Greece. Since 2001, the railway line Beljakovci has been built\u2014the border with Bulgaria, which will get a direct connection Skopje-Sofia. The most important railway hub in the country is Skopje, while the other two are Veles and Kumanovo.<\/p>\n North Macedonia Post<\/a> is the state-owned company for the provision of postal traffic. It was founded in 1992 as PTT Macedonia. In 1993 it was admitted to the World Postal Union<\/a> in 1997, PTT Macedonia was divided into Macedonian Telekom and Macedonian Post (later renamed North Macedonia Post).<\/p>\n As far as water transport is concerned, only lake traffic through Ohrid and Prespan Lake has been developed, mostly for tourist purposes.<\/p>\n There are 17 airports officially in North Macedonia, of which 11 are with solid substrates. Among them are two airports of international character, since they are listed on the airport’s IATA airport code<\/a> International Airport Skopje<\/a> and Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport<\/a>.<\/p>\n The flag of North Macedonia is the national flag of the Republic of North Macedonia and depicts a stylized yellow sun on a red field, with eight broadening rays extending from the center to the edge of the field.<\/p>\n It was created by Miroslav Gr\u010dev<\/a> and was adopted on 5 October 1995. The first flag of the country, known as the Vergina Flag, featured the Vergina Sun<\/a>, a symbol that had been discovered at Aigai, the first capital and burial ground of the ancient kings of Macedon. Greece considers the Vergina Sun to be a Greek symbol and imposed a year-long economic embargo in order to force the then Republic of Macedonia to remove it from its flag, resulting in the current design. The new eight-rayed sun represents the “new sun of Liberty” referred to in “Denes nad Makedonija”, the national anthem of North Macedonia.<\/p>\n In 1991, Todor Petrov<\/a>, president of the nationalist organization World Macedonian Congress<\/a>, designated and proposed the Vergina Sun as the national symbol of the then Republic of Macedonia. On 11 August 1992, the newly independent Republic of Macedonia adopted the new flag to replace the old Communist “red star” insignia. The flag depicted the “Vergina Sun” symbol, a stylized yellow sun centered on a red field with eight main and eight secondary rays emanating from the sun, tapering to a point. This ancient symbol was named after the Greek town where it had been discovered in archaeological excavations of the ancient Macedonian<\/a> city of Aigai.<\/p>\n The Vergina Sun was regarded by Greece as a symbol of continuity between ancient Macedonia and modern Greek culture, and in particular as a symbol of the Argead dynasty<\/a> of Philip II<\/a> of Macedon and his son Alexander the Great<\/a>. From the late 1970s it had also been adopted by many both in Greece and the then Socialist Republic of Macedonia to symbolize historical connections with ancient Macedonia and had been paraded in demonstrations by Greeks and ethnic Macedonians at home and abroad.<\/p>\n The flag, the new state’s constitution and its name all became the focus of a dispute between the two countries, during which Greece imposed an economic blockade on the Republic from February 1994. In July 1995, Greece lodged a request with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)<\/a> for exclusive trademark protection to the Vergina Sun.<\/p>\n Greek objections also prevented the flag from being flown at the United Nations Headquarters<\/a> building in New York City<\/a>. The blockade was lifted in October 1995 when an agreement was reached to change the flag, modify the constitution and resolve the naming dispute<\/a> through United Nations-sponsored negotiations. The change of the flag was at first not accepted by conservative Macedonians, nationalists, and Greek patriots. In the first years after the change, both flags were officially flown for a long time. Between 1995 and 1998, in the municipalities where then-opposition party VMRO-DPMNE<\/a> ruled, only the old flag was flown from institution buildings. Popular opinion was divided about the merits of changing the flag. As part of the Prespa agreement<\/a> of 2018, which resolved the naming dispute, the government of North Macedonia committed to removing the Vergina Sun from all public spaces and from public use, including its use in flags.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The flag of North Macedonia is the national flag of the Republic of North Macedonia and depicts a stylized yellow sun on a red field, with eight broadening rays extending from the center to the edge of the field. It was created by Miroslav Gr\u010dev and was adopted on 5 October 1995. The first flag of the country, known as the Vergina Flag, featured the Vergina Sun, a symbol that had been discovered at Aigai, the first capital and burial ground of the ancient kings of Macedon. Greece considers the Vergina Sun to be a Greek symbol and imposed a year-long economic embargo in order to force the then Republic of Macedonia to remove it from its flag, resulting in the current design. The new eight-rayed sun represents the “new sun of Liberty” referred to in “Denes nad Makedonija”, the national anthem of North Macedonia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[156,59,26,5,157,6,7,18,60],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6945"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6945\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Macedonia-in-Yugoslavia-300x243.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>History:<\/h2>\n
Early History:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Paeonia-in-Relation-to-Greece-and-Macedon-300x239.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Heraclea-Lyncestis-a-city-founded-by-Philip-II-of-Macedon-in-the-4th-century-BC-300x199.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Medieval Period:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Boris-I-of-Bulgaria-146x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Stefan-Dusan-219x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Ottoman Period:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Kingdom-of-Prilep-235x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Modern Period:<\/h3>\n
Macedonian Autonomism:<\/span><\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/IMRO-Warlords-from-Krusevo-in-August-1903-300x188.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Kingdom of Yugoslavia:<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/The-Divisions-of-Ottoman-Territory-after-the-Balkan-Wars-213x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Vardar-Banovina-in-Yugoslavia-1929-1939-300x260.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>World War II:<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Josip-Broz-Tito-216x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Socialist Yugoslavia:<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Socialist-Yugoslavia-300x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Declaration of Independence:<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/The-Macedonium-Monument-in-Krusevo-Commemorating-the-Ilinden-Uprising-of-1903-300x225.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>2001 Insurgency:<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/2001-Insurgency-Areas-of-Conflict-300x242.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Albanian-Protestors-in-2012-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>21st Century:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Signing-the-Prespa-Agreement-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/North-Macedonia-Commemorates-Its-Accession-to-NATO-at-the-US-Department-of-State-300x214.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Geography:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Topographic-Map-of-Macedonia-300x202.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Mount-Korab-the-Highest-Mountain-in-Macedonia-300x225.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Economy:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Treemap-of-Macedonia-Exports-300x235.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Lake-Ohrid-300x134.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Transportation:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Railway-Map-of-Macedonia-300x231.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Road-Map-of-Macedonia-300x239.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Flag of North Macedonia:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Flag-of-North-Macedonia-300x150.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Vergina Flag (1992\u20131995):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/01\/Vergina-Sun-Flag-1992-1995-300x150.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>