{"id":7475,"date":"2021-03-02T04:00:12","date_gmt":"2021-03-02T04:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/?p=7475"},"modified":"2021-03-03T00:07:25","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T00:07:25","slug":"morocco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/morocco\/","title":{"rendered":"Morocco"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction:<\/h2>\n

Morocco, is a country located in the Maghreb<\/a> region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria<\/a> to the east and the status-disputed territory of Western Sahara<\/a> to the south. The Kingdom of Morocco also claims as part of Morocco the exclaves of Ceuta<\/a>, Melilla<\/a> and Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera<\/a> (all of which are under Spanish jurisdiction) and several small Spanish-controlled islands<\/a> off the Moroccan coast. The capital is Rabat<\/a> and the largest city is Casablanca<\/a>. Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi) and has a population of over 37 million.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Morocco on the Globe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state<\/a> by Idris I<\/a> in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties. Morocco reached the height of its power in the 11th and 12th centuries, during the Almoravid and Almohad<\/a> dynasties, when it encompassed parts of Iberia<\/a> as well as part of northwestern Africa. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire extended to include parts of Morocco: Portugal conquered territory along the Moroccan coast and founded settlements some of which endured into the 18th century. Nevertheless, the Moroccan dynasties of Marinid<\/a> (which ruled from the 13th into the 15th century) and Saadi (which ruled from the 15th into the 17th century) otherwise resisted foreign domination: Morocco was the only country in northwest African to escape occupation by the Ottoman Empire<\/a>. The Alaouite dynasty<\/a>, which rules Morocco to this day, seized power in 1631. The country’s strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean eventually attracted the interest of European powers: In 1912, Morocco was divided into French<\/a> and Spanish<\/a> protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier<\/a>. It regained its independence and reunified in 1956, and has been relatively stable and prosperous (by regional standards) since then: Today, it has the fifth largest economy in all of Africa.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
French Control of Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Morocco claims ownership of the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara (formerly known as Spanish Sahara), which it has designated its Southern Provinces. In 1975, after Spain agreed to decolonize the territory<\/a> and cede its control to Morocco and Mauritania<\/a>, a guerrilla war<\/a> broke out between those powers and some of the local inhabitants. In 1979, Mauritania relinquished its claim to the area, but the war continued to rage. In 1991, a ceasefire agreement was reached<\/a>, but the issue of sovereignty remained unresolved. Today, Morocco occupies two thirds of the territory, and efforts to resolve the dispute have thus far failed to break the political deadlock.<\/p>\n

The sovereign state of Morocco is a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The country wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world, and is considered a regional power and a middle power. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mohammed VI of Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Morocco’s predominant religion is Islam, and its official languages are Arabic and Berber<\/a>. The Berber language achieved official recognition in 2011. Berber had been the native language of Morocco before the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E<\/a>. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic,<\/a> referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Moroccan culture blends aspects of Berber, Arab<\/a>, Sephardic Jewish<\/a>, West African<\/a>, and European culture, having been influenced at various times by all of them.<\/p>\n

Morocco is a member of the Arab League<\/a>, the Union for the Mediterranean<\/a> and the African Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n

History:<\/h2>\n

Prehistory and Antiquity:<\/h3>\n

The area of present-day Morocco has been inhabited since at least Paleolithic<\/a> times, beginning sometime between 190,000 and 90,000 BC. During the Upper Paleolithic, the Maghreb was more fertile than it is today, resembling a savanna, in contrast to its modern arid landscape.<\/p>\n

In the early part of the Classical Antiquity<\/a> period, Northwest Africa and Morocco were slowly drawn into the wider emerging Mediterranean world by the Phoenicians<\/a>, who established trading colonies and settlements there, the most substantial of which were Chellah<\/a>, Lixus<\/a>, and Mogador<\/a>. Mogador was established as a Phoenician colony as early as the 6th century BC.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Chellah Ruins in Rabat, Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Morocco later became a realm of the Northwest African civilization of ancient Carthage<\/a>, and part of the Carthaginian empire. The earliest known independent Moroccan state was the Berber kingdom of Mauretania<\/a>, under King Baga<\/a>. This ancient kingdom (not to be confused with the modern state of Mauritania) flourished around 225 BC or earlier.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ptolemy of Mauretania was the last Berber to rule the Kingdom of Mauretania prior to Roman conquest<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mauretania became a client kingdom of the Roman Empire<\/a> in 33 BC. Emperor Claudius<\/a> annexed Mauretania directly in 44 AD, making it a Roman province ruled by an imperial governor.<\/p>\n

During the so-called \u201ccrisis of the 3rd century,\u201d parts of Mauretania were reconquered by Berber tribes. As a result, by the late 3rd century, direct Roman rule had become confined to a few coastal cities, such as Septum (Ceuta) in Mauretania Tingitana<\/a> and Cherchell<\/a> in Mauretania Caesariensis<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Roman ruins of Volubilis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

When, in 429 AD, the area was devastated by the Vandals<\/a>, the Roman Empire lost its remaining possessions in Mauretania, and local Mauro-Roman kings<\/a> assumed control of them. In the 530s, the Eastern Roman Empire<\/a>, under Byzantine control, re-established direct imperial rule of Septum and Tingi<\/a>, fortified Tingis, and erected a church.<\/p>\n

Foundation and Early Islamic Era:<\/h3>\n

The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb<\/a>, which started in the middle of the 7th century, was achieved by the Umayyad Caliphate<\/a> early into the following century. It brought both the Arabic language and Islam to the area. Although part of the larger Islamic Empire, Morocco was initially organized as a subsidiary province of Ifriqiya<\/a>, with the local governors appointed by the Muslim governor in Kairouan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent in AD 750<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

According to medieval legend, Idris ibn Abdallah<\/a> had fled to Morocco after the Abbasids<\/a>‘ massacre of his tribe in Iraq. He convinced the Awraba Berber tribes to break their allegiance to the distant Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad<\/a> and he founded the Idrisid dynasty in 788. The Idrisids established Fes<\/a> as their capital and Morocco became a center of Muslim learning and a major regional power. The Idrissids were ousted in 927 by the Fatimid Caliphate<\/a> and their Miknasa allies.<\/p>\n

Dynasties:<\/h3>\n

From the 11th century onwards, a series of Berber dynasties arose. Under the S<\/a>anhaja <\/a>Almoravid<\/a> dynasty and the Masmuda<\/a> Almohad<\/a> dynasty, Morocco dominated the Maghreb, al-Andalus in Iberia<\/a>, and the western Mediterranean region. In the 15th century, the Reconquista<\/a> ended Muslim rule in Iberia and many Muslims and Jews fled to Morocco.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Moors and Christian Battle of Marrakesh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Portuguese efforts to control the Atlantic sea trade in the 15th century did not greatly affect the interior of Morocco even though they managed to control some possessions on the Moroccan coast but not venturing further afield inland.<\/p>\n

Early Modern Period:<\/h3>\n

In 1549, the region fell to successive Arab dynasties claiming descent from the Islamic prophet, Muhammad: first the Saadi dynasty<\/a> who ruled from 1549 to 1659, and then the Alaouite dynasty<\/a>, who remain in power since the 17th century.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The remains of the Saadi Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur’s 16th century Badii’ Palace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 1631, Morocco was reunited by the Alaouite dynasty, who have been the ruling house of Morocco ever since. Morocco was facing aggression from Spain and the Ottoman Empire allies pressing westward. The Alaouites succeeded in stabilizing their position, and while the kingdom was smaller than previous ones in the region, it remained quite wealthy. Against the opposition of local tribes Ismail Ibn Sharif<\/a> (1672\u20131727) began to create a unified state.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ismail Ibn Sharif<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

With his Jaysh d’Ahl al-Rif (the Riffian Army) he re-occupied Tangier<\/a> from the English who had abandoned it in 1684 and drove the Spanish from Larache<\/a> in 1689. Portuguese abandoned Mazag\u00e3o<\/a>, their last territory in Morocco, in 1769. However, the Siege of Melilla<\/a> against the Spanish ended in defeat in 1775.<\/p>\n

Morocco was the first nation to recognize the fledgling United States as an independent nation in 1777. In the beginning of the American Revolution<\/a>, American merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean were subject to attack by the Barbary pirates<\/a>. On 20 December 1777, Morocco’s Sultan Mohammed III<\/a> declared that American merchant ships would be under the protection of the sultanate and could thus enjoy safe passage. The Moroccan\u2013American Treaty of Friendship<\/a>, signed in 1786, stands as the U.S.’s oldest non-broken friendship treaty.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The Moroccan-American Treaty of Peace and Friendship<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

French and Spanish Protectorates: 1912 to 1956:<\/h3>\n

As Europe industrialized, Northwest Africa was increasingly prized for its potential for colonization. France showed a strong interest in Morocco as early as 1830, not only to protect the border of its Algerian territory, but also because of the strategic position of Morocco with coasts on the Mediterranean and the open Atlantic.<\/p>\n

In 1904, France and Spain carved out zones of influence in Morocco.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
French and Spanish Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tens of thousands of colonists entered Morocco. Some bought up large amounts of the rich agricultural land, others organised the exploitation and modernisation of mines and harbours. The institution of slavery was abolished in 1925.<\/p>\n

In 1943, the Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) was founded to press for independence, with discreet US support. That party subsequently provided most of the leadership for the nationalist movement.<\/p>\n

France’s exile of Sultan Mohammed V<\/a> in 1953 to Madagascar and his replacement by the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa<\/a> sparked active opposition to the French and Spanish protectorates.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mohammed V of Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The most notable violence occurred in Oujda<\/a> where Moroccans attacked French and other European residents in the streets. France allowed Mohammed V to return in 1955, and the negotiations that led to Moroccan independence began the following year. In March 1956 the French protectorate was ended and Morocco regained its independence from France as the “Kingdom of Morocco”. A month later Spain forsook its protectorate in Northern Morocco to the new state but kept its two coastal enclaves (Ceuta and Melilla) on the Mediterranean coast which dated from earlier conquests. Sultan Mohammed became king in 1957.<\/p>\n

Post-independence:<\/h3>\n

Upon the death of Mohammed V, Hassan II<\/a> became King of Morocco on 3 March 1961. Morocco held its first general elections in 1963. However, Hassan declared a state of emergency and suspended parliament in 1965. In 1971, there was a failed attempt to depose the king and establish a republic. A truth commission set up in 2005 to investigate human rights abuses during his reign confirmed nearly 10,000 cases, ranging from death in detention to forced exile. Some 592 people were recorded killed during Hassan’s rule according to the truth commission.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Hassan II<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Spanish enclave of Ifni<\/a> in the south was returned to Morocco in 1969. The Polisario movement<\/a> was formed in 1973, with the aim of establishing an independent state in the Spanish Sahara. On 6 November 1975, King Hassan asked for volunteers to cross into the Spanish Sahara. Some 350,000 civilians were reported as being involved in the “Green March<\/a>“. A month later, Spain agreed to leave the Spanish Sahara, soon to become Western Sahara, and to transfer it to joint Moroccan-Mauritanian control, despite the objections and threats of military intervention by Algeria. Moroccan forces occupied the territory.<\/p>\n

Moroccan and Algerian troops soon clashed in Western Sahara. Morocco and Mauritania divided up Western Sahara. Fighting between the Moroccan military and Polisario forces continued for many years. The prolonged war was a considerable financial drain on Morocco. In 1983, Hassan cancelled planned elections amid political unrest and economic crisis. In 1984, Morocco left the Organisation of African Unity in protest at the SADR<\/a>‘s admission to the body. Polisario claimed to have killed more than 5,000 Moroccan soldiers between 1982 and 1985.<\/p>\n

Algerian authorities have estimated the number of Sahrawi refugees in Algeria to be 165,000. Diplomatic relations with Algeria were restored in 1988. In 1991, a UN-monitored ceasefire began in Western Sahara, but the territory’s status remains undecided and ceasefire violations are reported. The following decade saw much wrangling over a proposed referendum on the future of the territory but the deadlock was not broken.<\/p>\n

King Hassan II died in 1999 and was succeeded by his son, Mohammed VI<\/a>. He is a cautious modernizer who has introduced some economic and social liberalization.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mohammed VI of Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mohammed VI paid a controversial visit to the Western Sahara in 2002. Morocco unveiled an autonomy blueprint for Western Sahara to the United Nations in 2007. The Polisario rejected the plan and put forward its own proposal. Morocco and the Polisario Front held UN-sponsored talks in New York City but failed to come to any agreement. In 2010, security forces stormed a protest camp in the Western Sahara, triggering violent demonstrations in the regional capital El Aai\u00fan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In 2002, Morocco and Spain agreed to a US-brokered resolution over the disputed island of Perejil. Spanish troops had taken the normally uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag. There were renewed tensions in 2005, as hundreds of African migrants tried to storm the borders of the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. Morocco deported hundreds of the illegal migrants. In 2006, the Spanish Premier Zapatero visited Spanish enclaves. He was the first Spanish leader in 25 years to make an official visit to the territories. The following year, Spanish King Juan Carlos I<\/a> visited Ceuta and Melilla, further angering Morocco which demanded control of the enclaves.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Demonstrators in Casablanca 2011<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During the 2011\u20132012 Moroccan protests<\/a>, thousands of people rallied in Rabat and other cities calling for political reform and a new constitution curbing the powers of the king. In July 2011, the King won a landslide victory in a referendum on a reformed constitution he had proposed to placate the Arab Spring protests. Despite the reforms made by Mohammed VI, demonstrators continued to call for deeper reforms. Hundreds took part in a trade union rally in Casablanca in May 2012. Participants accused the government of failing to deliver on reforms.<\/p>\n

Geography:<\/h2>\n

Morocco has a coast by the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar<\/a> into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Western Sahara to the south. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Physical Map of Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The geography of Morocco spans from the Atlantic Ocean, to mountainous areas, to the Sahara desert. Morocco is a Northern African country, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and the annexed Western Sahara. It is one of only three nations (along with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines.<\/p>\n

A large part of Morocco is mountainous. The Atlas Mountains<\/a> are located mainly in the center and the south of the country. The Rif Mountains<\/a> are located in the north of the country. Both ranges are mainly inhabited by the Berber people<\/a>. At 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi), Morocco excluding Western Sahara is the fifty-seventh largest country in the world. Algeria borders Morocco to the east and southeast, though the border between the two countries has been closed since 1994.<\/p>\n

Spanish territory in Northwest Africa neighboring Morocco comprises five enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera, Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de Alhucemas<\/a>, the Chafarinas islands<\/a>, and the disputed islet Perejil<\/a>. Off the Atlantic coast the Canary Islands<\/a> belong to Spain, whereas Madeira<\/a> to the north is Portuguese. To the north, Morocco is bordered by the Strait of Gibraltar, where international shipping has unimpeded transit passage between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mount Toubkal in Toubkal National Park within the High Atlas, Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Rif mountains stretch over the region bordering the Mediterranean from the north-west to the north-east. The Atlas Mountains run down the backbone of the country, from the northeast to the southwest. Most of the southeast portion of the country is in the Sahara Desert and as such is generally sparsely populated and unproductive economically. Most of the population lives to the north of these mountains, while to the south lies the Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony that was annexed by Morocco in 1975 (see Green March).<\/p>\n

Morocco claims that the Western Sahara is part of its territory and refers to that as its Southern Provinces<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Morocco’s capital city is Rabat; its largest city is its main port, Casablanca. Other cities recording a population over 500,000 in the 2014 Moroccan census are Fes<\/a>, Marrakesh<\/a>, Meknes<\/a>, Sal\u00e9<\/a> and Tangier<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Economy:<\/h2>\n

Morocco’s economy is considered a relatively liberal economy governed by the law of supply and demand. Since 1993, the country has followed a policy of privatisation of certain economic sectors which used to be in the hands of the government. Morocco has become a major player in African economic affairs, and is the 5th African economy by GDP (PPP). Morocco was ranked as the first African country by the Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality-of-life index, ahead of South Africa. However, in the years since that first-place ranking was given, Morocco has slipped into fourth place behind Egypt.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Export Tree Map for Morocco 2017<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The services sector accounts for just over half of GDP and industry, made up of mining, construction and manufacturing, is an additional quarter. The industries that recorded the highest growth are tourism, telecoms, information technology, and textile.<\/p>\n

Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Moroccan economy. It is well developed with a strong tourist industry focused on the country’s coast, culture, and history. Morocco attracted more than 13 million tourists in 2019. Tourism is the second largest foreign exchange earner in Morocco after the phosphate industry. The Moroccan government is heavily investing in tourism development, in 2010 the government launched its Vision 2020 which plans to make Morocco one of the top 20 tourist destinations in the world and to double the annual number of international arrivals to 20 million by 2020, with the hope that tourism will then have risen to 20% of GDP.<\/p>\n

Transportation:<\/h2>\n

According to the Global Competitiveness Report of 2019, Morocco Ranked 32nd in the world in terms of Roads, 16th in Sea, 45th in Air and 64th in Railways. This gives Morocco the best infrastructure rankings in the African continent.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
High Speed Train in Tangier<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Modern infrastructure development, such as ports, airports, and rail links, is a top government priority. To meet the growing domestic demand, the Moroccan government invested more than $15 billion from 2010 to 2015 in upgrading its basic infrastructure.<\/p>\n

Morocco has one of the best road systems on the continent. Over the past 20 years, the government has built approximately 1770 kilometers of modern roads, connecting most major cities via toll expressways. The Moroccan Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics, and Water aims to build an additional 3380 kilometers of expressway and 2100 kilometers of highway by 2030, at an expected cost of $9.6 billion. Attention is focused on linking the southern provinces, notably the cities of Laayoune and Dakhla to the rest of Morocco.<\/p>\n

In 2014, Morocco began the construction of the first high-speed railway system in Africa linking the cities of Tangiers and Casablanca. It was inaugurated in 2018 by the King following over a decade of planning and construction by Moroccan national railway company ONCF. It is the first phase of what is planned to eventually be a 1,500 kilometeres (930 mi) high-speed rail network in Morocco. An extension of the line to Marrakesh is already being planned.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Casablanca Airport<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Morocco also has the largest port in Africa and the Mediterranean called Tanger-Med, which is ranked the 18th in the world with a handling capacity of over 9 million containers. It is situated in the Tangiers free economic zone and serves as a logistics hub for Africa and the world.<\/p>\n

Flag of Morocco:<\/h2>\n

The flag of Morocco is a red field with a green emerald pentagram.<\/p>\n

Red has considerable historic significance in Morocco, proclaiming the descent from royal Alaouite dynasty<\/a>. This ruling house was associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad via Fatimah<\/a>, the wife of Ali<\/a>, the fourth Muslim Caliph<\/a>. Red is also the color that was used by the sharifs of Mecca<\/a> and the imams of Yemen<\/a>. From the 17th century on, when Morocco was ruled by the Alaouite dynasty, the flags of the country were plain red.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Flag of Morocco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

On November 17, 1915, Resident General Hubert Lyautey<\/a> had Sultan Yusef<\/a> sign a dhahir<\/a> that made Morocco’s flag red with a green interlaced pentangle. The five points of the star stand for Love, Truth, Peace, Freedom, and Justice. While Morocco was under French and Spanish control, the red flag with the seal in the center remained in use, but only inland. Its use at sea was prohibited. When independence was restored in 1956, it once again became the national flag.<\/p>\n

The red background on the Moroccan flag represents hardiness, bravery, strength and valour, while the green represents love, joy, wisdom, peace and hope; it also represents the color of Islam<\/a> and the pentagram represents the seal of Solomon. The five branches also represent the pillars of Islam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Red has considerable historic significance in Morocco, proclaiming the descent from royal Alaouite dynasty. This ruling house was associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad via Fatimah, the wife of Ali, the fourth Muslim Caliph. Red is also the color that was used by the sharifs of Mecca and the imams of Yemen. From the 17th century on, when Morocco was ruled by the Alaouite dynasty, the flags of the country were plain red.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[19,66,59,5,6,7,87,60],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7475"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7475"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7475\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}