In early 2017, Qatar’s total population was 2.6 million: 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates. Islam is the official religion of Qatar. In terms of income, the country has the third-highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world. Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development, having the third-highest HDI in the Arab world after United Arab Emirates<\/a> and Saudi Arabia. Qatar is a World Bank high-income economy, backed by the world’s third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves.<\/p>\n Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani<\/a> since Mohammed bin Thani<\/a> signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognized its separate status. Following Ottoman<\/a> rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. In 2003, the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favor. In the 21st century, Qatar emerged as a significant power in the Arab world both through its globally expanding media group, Al Jazeera Media Network<\/a>, and reportedly supporting several rebel groups financially during the Arab Spring<\/a>. For its size, Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world, and has been identified as a middle power.<\/p>\n The FIFA World Cup 2022<\/a> will be held in Qatar, making it the first Muslim and Arab country to host the event. The 2030 Asian Games<\/a> will be held in Qatar.<\/p>\n Human habitation of Qatar dates back to 50,000 years ago. Settlements and tools dating back to the Stone Age<\/a> have been unearthed in the peninsula. Mesopotamian<\/a> artifacts originating from the Ubaid period<\/a> (c. 6500\u20133800 BC) have been discovered in abandoned coastal settlements. Al Da’asa<\/a>, a settlement located on the western coast of Qatar, is the most important Ubaid site in the country and is believed to have accommodated a small seasonal encampment.<\/p>\n Kassite<\/a> Babylonian<\/a> material dating back to the second millennium BC found in Al Khor Islands<\/a> attests to trade relations between the inhabitants of Qatar and the Kassites in modern-day Bahrain. Among the findings were 3,000,000 crushed snail shells and Kassite potsherds. It has been suggested that Qatar is the earliest known site of shellfish dye production, owing to a Kassite purple dye industry which existed on the coast.<\/p>\n In 224 AD, the Sasanian Empire<\/a> gained control over the territories surrounding the Persian Gulf. Qatar played a role in the commercial activity of the Sasanids, contributing at least two commodities: precious pearls and purple dye. Under the Sasanid reign, many of the inhabitants in Eastern Arabia were introduced to Christianity following the eastward dispersal of the religion by Mesopotamian Christians. Monasteries were constructed and further settlements were founded during this era. During the latter part of the Christian era, Qatar comprised a region known as ‘Beth Qatraye’ (Syriac for “house of the Qataris”). The region was not limited to Qatar; it also included Bahrain, Tarout Island<\/a>, Al-Khatt, and Al-Hasa.<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n In 628, Muhammad sent a Muslim envoy to a ruler in Eastern Arabia named Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi<\/a> and requested that he and his subjects accept Islam. Munzir obliged his request, and accordingly, most of the Arab tribes in the region converted to Islam. After the adoption of Islam, the Arabs led the Muslim conquest of Persia<\/a> which resulted in the fall of the Sasanian Empire.<\/p>\n Qatar was described as a famous horse and camel breeding center during the Umayyad period. In the 8th century, it started benefiting from its commercially strategic position in the Persian Gulf and went on to become a center of pearl trading.<\/p>\n Substantial development in the pearling industry around the Qatari Peninsula occurred during the Abbasid era<\/a>. Ships voyaging from Basra<\/a> to India<\/a> and China<\/a> would make stops in Qatar’s ports during this period. Chinese porcelain, West African coins and artefacts from Thailand have been discovered in Qatar.<\/p>\n Much of Eastern Arabia was controlled by the Usfurids<\/a> in 1253, but control of the region was seized by the prince of Ormus<\/a> in 1320. Qatar’s pearls provided the kingdom with one of its main sources of income. In 1515, Manuel I of Portugal<\/a> vassalized the Kingdom of Ormus. Portugal went on to seize a significant portion of Eastern Arabia in 1521. In 1550, the inhabitants of Al-Hasa voluntarily submitted to the rule of the Ottomans<\/a>, preferring them to the Portuguese. Having retained a negligible military presence in the area, the Ottomans were expelled by the Bani Khalid<\/a> tribe in 1670.<\/p>\n In 1766, members of the Al Khalifa<\/a> family of the Utub<\/a> tribal confederation migrated from Kuwait<\/a> to Zubarah<\/a> in Qatar. By the time of their arrival, the Bani Khalid exercised weak authority over the peninsula. In 1783, Qatar-based Bani Utbah clans and allied Arab tribes invaded and annexed Bahrain from the Persians. The Al Khalifa imposed their authority over Bahrain and retained their jurisdiction over Zubarah.<\/p>\n Following his swearing in as crown prince of the Wahhabi<\/a> in 1788, Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz moved to expand Wahhabi territory eastward towards the Persian Gulf and Qatar. After defeating the Bani Khalid in 1795, the Wahhabi were attacked on two fronts. The Ottomans and Egyptians assaulted the western front, while the Al Khalifa in Bahrain and the Omanis launched an attack against the eastern front. Upon being made aware of the Egyptian advance on the western frontier in 1811, the Wahhabi emir reduced his garrisons in Bahrain and Zubarah in order to redeploy his troops. Said bin Sultan<\/a>, ruler of Muscat, capitalized on this opportunity and raided the Wahhabi garrisons on the eastern coast, setting fire to the fort in Zubarah. The Al Khalifa were effectively returned to power thereafter.<\/p>\n Although Qatar was considered a dependency of Bahrain, the Al Khalifa faced opposition from the local tribes. In 1867, the Al Khalifa, along with the ruler of Abu Dhabi<\/a>, sent a massive naval force to Al Wakrah<\/a> in an effort to crush the Qatari rebels. This resulted in the maritime Qatari\u2013Bahraini War of 1867\u20131868<\/a>, in which Bahraini and Abu Dhabi forces sacked and looted Doha and Al Wakrah. The Bahraini hostilities were in violation of the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship of 1861<\/a>. The joint incursion, in addition to the Qatari counter-attack, prompted British Political Resident, Colonel Lewis Pelly<\/a> to impose a settlement in 1868. His mission to Bahrain and Qatar and the resulting peace treaty were milestones because they implicitly recognised the distinctness of Qatar from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Mohammed bin Thani. In addition to censuring Bahrain for its breach of agreement, Pelly negotiated with Qatari sheikhs, who were represented by Mohammed bin Thani. The negotiations were the first stage in the development of Qatar as a sheikhdom. However, Qatar was not officially recognised as a British protectorate until 1916.<\/p>\n Under military and political pressure from the governor of the Ottoman Vilayet of Baghdad<\/a>, Midhat Pasha<\/a>, the ruling Al Thani tribe submitted to Ottoman rule in 1871. The Ottoman government imposed reformist (Tanzimat<\/a>) measures concerning taxation and land registration to fully integrate these areas into the empire. Despite the disapproval of local tribes, Al Thani continued supporting Ottoman rule. Qatari-Ottoman relations, however, soon stagnated, and in 1882 they suffered further setbacks when the Ottomans refused to aid Al Thani in his expedition of Abu Dhabi-occupied Khawr al Udayd. In addition, the Ottomans supported the Ottoman subject Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab who attempted to supplant Al Thani as kaymakam of Qatar in 1888. This eventually led Al Thani to rebel against the Ottomans, whom he believed were seeking to usurp control of the peninsula. He resigned as kaymakam and stopped paying taxes in August 1892.<\/p>\n In February 1893, Mehmed Hafiz Pasha arrived in Qatar in the interests of seeking unpaid taxes and accosting Jassim bin Mohammed’s opposition to proposed Ottoman administrative reforms. Fearing that he would face death or imprisonment, Jassim retreated to Al Wajbah (16 km or 10 mi west of Doha), accompanied by several tribe members. Mehmed’s demand that Jassim disbands his troops and pledge his loyalty to the Ottomans was met with refusal. In March, Mehmed imprisoned Jassim’s brother and 13 prominent Qatari tribal leaders on the Ottoman corvette Merrikh as punishment for his insubordination. After Mehmed declined an offer to release the captives for a fee of 10,000 liras, he ordered a column of approximately 200 troops to advance towards Jassim’s Al Wajbah Fort<\/a> under the command of Yusuf Effendi, thus signalling the start of the Battle of Al Wajbah.<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Effendi’s troops came under heavy gunfire by a sizable troop of Qatari infantry and cavalry shortly after arriving at Al Wajbah. They retreated to Shebaka fortress, where they were again forced to draw back from a Qatari incursion. After they withdrew to Al Bidda fortress, Jassim’s advancing column besieged the fortress, resulting in the Ottomans’ concession of defeat and agreement to relinquish their captives in return for the safe passage of Mehmed Pasha’s cavalry to Hofuf<\/a> by land.<\/p>\n Although Qatar did not gain full independence from the Ottoman Empire, the result of the battle forced a treaty that would later form the basis of Qatar’s emerging as an autonomous country within the empire.<\/p>\n By the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913, the Ottomans agreed to renounce their claim to Qatar and withdraw their garrison from Doha. However, with the outbreak World War I, nothing was done to carry this out and the garrison remained in the fort at Doha, although its numbers dwindled as men deserted. In 1915, with the presence of British gunboats in the harbor, Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (who was pro-British) persuaded the remainder to abandon the fort and, when British troops approached the following morning, they found it deserted.<\/p>\n Qatar became a British protectorate on 3 November 1916, when the United Kingdom signed a treaty with Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani to bring Qatar under its Trucial System of Administration.<\/a> While Abdullah agreed not to enter into any relations with any other power without prior consent of the British government, the latter guaranteed the protection of Qatar from aggression by sea and provide its ‘good offices’ in the event of an attack by land \u2013 this latter undertaking was left deliberately vague. On 5 May 1935, while agreeing an oil concession with the British oil company, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company<\/a>, Abdullah signed another treaty with the British government which granted Qatar protection against internal and external threats. Oil reserves were first discovered in 1939. Exploitation and development were, however, delayed by World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n The focus of British interests in Qatar changed after the Second World War with the independence of India, the creation of Pakistan<\/a> in 1947 and the development of oil in Qatar. In 1949, the appointment of the first British political officer in Doha, John Wilton, signified a strengthening of Anglo-Qatari relations. Oil exports began in 1949, and oil revenues became the country’s main source of revenue, the pearl trade having gone into decline. These revenues were used to fund the expansion and modernization of Qatar’s infrastructure. When Britain officially announced in 1968 that it would withdraw from the Persian Gulf in three years’ time, Qatar joined talks with Bahrain and seven other Trucial States to create a federation. Regional disputes, however, persuaded Qatar and Bahrain to withdraw from the talks and become independent states separate from the Trucial States, which went on to become the United Arab Emirates<\/a>.<\/p>\n On 3 November 1916, the sheikh of Qatar entered into treaty relations with the United Kingdom. The treaty reserved foreign affairs and defense to the United Kingdom but allowed internal autonomy. On 3 September 1971, those “special treaty arrangements” that were “inconsistent with full international responsibility as a sovereign and independent state” were terminated. This was done under an agreement reached between the Ruler of Qatar and the Government of the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n In 1991, Qatar played a significant role in the Gulf War<\/a>, particularly during the Battle of Khafji in which Qatari tanks rolled through the streets of the town and provided fire support for Saudi Arabian National Guard units that were engaging Iraqi Army troops. Qatar allowed coalition troops from Canada to use the country as an airbase to launch aircraft on CAP duty and also permitted air forces from the United States and France to operate in its territories.<\/p>\n In 1995, Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani<\/a> seized control of the country from his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani<\/a>, with the support of the armed forces and cabinet, as well as neighboring states and France. Under Emir Hamad, Qatar has experienced a moderate degree of liberalization, including the launch of the Al Jazeera<\/a> television station (1996), the endorsement of women’s suffrage or right to vote in municipal elections (1999), drafting its first written constitution (2005) and inauguration of a Roman Catholic church (2008). In 2010, Qatar won the rights to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first country in the Middle East to be selected to host the tournament. The Emir announced Qatar’s plans to hold its first national legislative elections in 2013. They were scheduled to be held in the second half of 2013, but were postponed in June 2013 and may be delayed until 2019. The legislative council will also host the 140th Inter-Parliamentary Union Assembly<\/a> for the first time in April 2019.<\/p>\n In 2003, Qatar served as the US Central Command headquarters and one of the main launching sites of the invasion of Iraq<\/a>. In 2011, Qatar joined NATO operations in Libya<\/a> and reportedly armed Libyan opposition groups. It is also currently a major funder of weapons for rebel groups in the Syrian civil war<\/a>. Qatar is pursuing an Afghan peace deal and in January 2012 the Afghan Taliban<\/a> said they were setting up a political office in Qatar to facilitate talks. This was done in order to facilitate peace negotiations and with the support of other countries including the United States and Afghanistan. Ahmed Rashid<\/a>, writing in the Financial Times<\/a>, stated that through the office Qatar has “facilitated meetings between the Taliban and many countries and organizations, including the US state department, the UN, Japan, several European governments and non-governmental organizations, all of whom have been trying to push forward the idea of peace talks. Suggestions in September 2017 by the presidents of both the United States and Afghanistan have reportedly led to protests from senior officials of the American State Department.<\/p>\n In June 2013, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani<\/a> became the Emir of Qatar after his father handed over power in a televised speech. Sheikh Tamim has prioritized<\/p>\n improving the domestic welfare of citizens, which includes establishing advanced healthcare and education systems, and expanding the country’s infrastructure in preparation for the hosting of the 2022 World Cup.<\/p>\n Qatar participated in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen<\/a> against the Houthis<\/a> and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh<\/a>, who was deposed in the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings.<\/p>\n The increased influence of Qatar and its role during the Arab Spring, especially during the Bahraini uprising in 2011<\/a>, worsened longstanding tensions with Saudi Arabia<\/a>, the neighboring United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Bahrain. In June 2017, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain cut off diplomatic relations with Qatar<\/a>, citing the country’s alleged support of groups they considered to be extremist<\/a>. This has resulted in increased Qatari economic and military ties with Turkey and Iran.<\/p>\n The Qatari peninsula protrudes 160 kilometers (100 mi) into the Persian Gulf, north of Saudi Arabia. Most of the country consists of a low, barren plain, covered with sand. To the southeast lies the Khor al Adaid<\/a> (“Inland Sea”), an area of rolling sand dunes surrounding an inlet of the Persian Gulf. There are mild winters and very hot, humid summers.<\/p>\n The highest point in Qatar is Qurayn Abu al Bawl at 103 meters (338 ft) in the Jebel Dukhan to the west, a range of low limestone outcroppings running north\u2013south from Zikrit through Umm Bab<\/a> to the southern border. The Jebel Dukhan area also contains Qatar’s main onshore oil deposits, while the natural gas fields lie offshore, to the northwest of the peninsula.<\/p>\n Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting<\/a>. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl<\/a> onto the world market in the 1920s and 1930s, Qatar’s pearling industry crashed. Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940, in Dukhan Field<\/a>. The discovery transformed the state’s economy. Now, the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens. With no income tax, Qatar (along with Bahrain) is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world. The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1%. Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51% of any venture in the emirate.<\/p>\n As of 2016, Qatar has the fourth highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the International Monetary Fund. It relies heavily on foreign labor to grow its economy, to the extent that migrant workers compose 86% of the population and 94% of the workforce. The economic growth of Qatar has been almost exclusively based on its petroleum and natural gas industries, which began in 1940. Qatar is the leading exporter of liquefied natural gas. In 2012, it was estimated that Qatar would invest over $120 billion in the energy sector in the next 10 years. The country was a member state of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), having joined in 1961, and having left in January 2019.<\/p>\n Established in 2005, Qatar Investment Authority<\/a> is the country’s sovereign wealth fund, specializing in foreign investment. Due to billions of dollars in surpluses from the oil and gas industry, the Qatari government has directed investments into United States, Europe, and Asia Pacific. As of 2013, the holdings were valued at $100 billion in assets.<\/p>\n As driving is the primary mode of transport in Qatar, the road network is a major focus of the transport plan. Project highlights in this segment include the multibillion-dollar Doha Expressway and the Qatar Bahrain Causeway<\/a>, which will connect Qatar to Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and is considered a milestone in regional interconnectivity.<\/p>\n Mass-transit options, such as a Doha metro<\/a>, light-rail system and more extensive bus networks, are also under development to ease road congestion. In addition, the railway system is being significantly expanded and could eventually form an integral part of a GCC-wide network linking all the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The airport, too, is expanding capacity to keep up with rising visitor numbers.<\/p>\n Hamad International Airport<\/a> is the international airport of Doha. In 2014, it replaced the former Doha International Airport<\/a> as Qatar’s principal airport. In 2016, the airport was named the 50th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic, serving 37,283,987 passengers, a 20.2% increase from 2015.<\/p>\n Qatar Airways<\/a> is one of the largest airlines in the world that serves in six continents connecting more than 160 destinations every day. It has won Airline of the Year in 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2019 due to its outstanding performance and employs more than 46,000 professionals.<\/p>\n The national flag of Qatar is in the ratio of 11:28. It is maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side. It was adopted shortly before the country’s declaration of independence from Britain on 3 September 1971.<\/p>\n The flag is very similar to the flag of the neighboring country Bahrain<\/a>, which has fewer points, a 3:5 proportion, and a red color instead of maroon. Qatar’s flag is the only national flag having a width more than twice its height.<\/p>\n Qatar’s historic flag was plain red, in correspondence with the red banner traditionally used by the Kharjite<\/a> Muslims. In the 19th century, the country modified its entirely red flag with the addition of a white vertical stripe at the hoist to suit the British directive. After this addition, Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani<\/a> officially adopted a patterned purple-red and white flag which bore a strong resemblance to its modern derivative. Several additions were made to the Qatari flag in 1932, with the nine-pointed serrated edge, diamonds and the word “Qatar” being integrated in its design. The maroon color was standardized in 1949. In the 1960s, Sheikh Ali Al Thani<\/a> removed the wording and diamonds from the flag. The flag was officially adopted on 9 July 1971 and was virtually identical to the 1960s flag, with the exception of the height-to-width proportion.<\/p>\n Nine serrated edges separate the colored and white portions. They signify Qatar’s inclusion as the 9th member of the ‘reconciled Emirates’ of the Persian Gulf at the conclusion of the Qatari-British treaty in 1916.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Qatar’s historic flag was plain red, in correspondence with the red banner traditionally used by the Kharjite Muslims. In the 19th century, the country modified its entirely red flag with the addition of a white vertical stripe at the hoist to suit the British directive. After this addition, Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani officially adopted a patterned purple-red and white flag which bore a strong resemblance to its modern derivative. Several additions were made to the Qatari flag in 1932, with the nine-pointed serrated edge, diamonds and the word “Qatar” being integrated in its design. The maroon colour was standardised in 1949. In the 1960s, Sheikh Ali Al Thani removed the wording and diamonds from the flag. The flag was officially adopted on 9 July 1971 and was virtually identical to the 1960s flag, with the exception of the height-to-width proportion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[36,59,5,6,7,49,18,60],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8219"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8219"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8219\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Qatar-on-the-Globe-300x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>History:<\/h2>\n
Antiquity:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Kassite-Dye-Site-on-Al-Khor-Island-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/The-Sasanian-Empire-300x176.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Early and Late Islamic Period (661\u20131783):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Abbasid-Caliphate-300x183.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Bahraini and Saudi rule (1783\u20131868):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Zubarah-Fort-300x199.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>The Ottoman Period (1871\u20131915):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Ahmed-Sefik-Midhat-222x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Ruins-of-Zubarah-300x225.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Doha-1904-300x160.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>British period (1916\u20131971):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/The-Former-Anglo-Persian-Oil-Company-300x225.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Independence and Aftermath (1971\u2013present):<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Hamad-bin-Khalifa-Al-Thani-237x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Tamim-bin-Hamad-Al-Thani-244x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Geography:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Desert-Landscape-of-Qatar-300x199.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Economy:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Qatar-Export-Treemap-300x235.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Transportation:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Hamad-International-Airport-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Flag of Qatar:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Flag-of-Qatar-300x118.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>