![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Romania-on-the-Globe-300x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>The River Danube<\/a>, Europe’s second-longest river, rises in Germany’s Black Forest<\/a> and flows in a generally southeasterly direction for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), before emptying into Romania’s Danube Delta<\/a>. The Carpathian Mountains<\/a>, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).<\/p>\n Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities<\/a> of Moldavia<\/a> and Wallachia<\/a>. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire<\/a> in 1877. Following the outbreak of World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought on the side of the Allied Powers beginning in 1916. Afterwards Bukovina<\/a>, Bessarabia<\/a>, Transylvania<\/a> as well as parts of Banat<\/a>, Cri\u0219ana<\/a>, and Maramure\u0219<\/a> became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania<\/a>. In June\u2013August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact<\/a> and Second Vienna Award<\/a>, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and Northern Transylvania<\/a> to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact<\/a> and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis<\/a> side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies<\/a> and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war, under the occupation of the Red Army’s forces, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution<\/a>, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.<\/p>\n Romania ranks 49th in the Human Development Index, and is a developing country with a high-income economy. It has the world’s 45th largest economy by nominal GDP, with an annual economic growth rate of 3.5% as of 2020. Following rapid economic growth in the early 2000s, Romania has an economy based predominantly on services and is a producer and net exporter of machines and electric energy, featuring companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, part of NATO<\/a> since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. The vast majority of the population identifies as ethnic Romanian and Eastern Orthodox Christian and are native speakers of Romanian, a Romance language.<\/p>\n Human remains found in Pe\u0219tera cu Oase<\/a> (“Cave with Bones”), radiocarbon date from circa 40,000 years ago, and represent the oldest known Homo sapiens in Europe. Neolithic<\/a> agriculture spread after the arrival of a mixed group of people from Thessaly<\/a> in the 6th millennium BCE. Excavations near a salt spring at Lunca<\/a> yielded the earliest evidence for salt exploitation in Europe; here salt production began between 5th millennium BCE and 4th BCE. The first permanent settlements developed into “proto-cities”, which were larger than 320 hectares (800 acres).<\/p>\n The Cucuteni\u2013Trypillia culture<\/a>\u2014the best known archaeological culture of Old Europe\u2014flourished in Muntenia<\/a>, southeastern Transylvania and northeastern Moldavia in the 3rd millennium BC. The first fortified settlements appeared around 1800 BCE, showing the militant character of Bronze Age<\/a> societies.<\/p>\n Greek colonies established on the Black Sea coast in the 7th century BCE became important centers of commerce with the local tribes. Centuries later, Strabo<\/a> associated the Getae with the Dacians<\/a> who dominated the lands along the southern Carpathian Mountains in the 1st century BCE. Burebista<\/a> was the first Dacian ruler to unite the local tribes. He also conquered the Greek colonies in Dobruja<\/a> and the neighboring peoples as far as the Middle Danube and the Balkan Mountains<\/a> between around 55 and 44 BCE. After Burebista was murdered in 44 BCE, his kingdom collapsed.<\/p>\n The Romans reached Dacia during Burebista’s reign and conquered Dobruja in 46 CE. Dacia was again united under Decebalus<\/a> around 85 CE. He resisted the Romans for decades, but the Roman army defeated his troops in 106 CE. Emperor Trajan<\/a> transformed Banat, Oltenia<\/a> and the greater part of Transylvania into a new province called Roman Dacia<\/a>, but Dacian, Germanic and Sarmatian tribes continued to dominate the lands along the Roman frontiers. The Romans pursued an organized colonization policy, and the provincials enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity in the 2nd century.<\/p>\n The Carpians<\/a>, Goths<\/a> and other neighboring tribes made regular raids against Dacia from the 210s. The Romans could not resist, and Emperor Aurelian<\/a> ordered the evacuation of the province Dacia Trajana in 271.<\/p>\n The Goths were expanding towards the Lower Danube from the 230s, forcing the native peoples to flee to the Roman Empire or to accept their suzerainty. The Goths’ rule ended abruptly when the Huns<\/a> invaded their territory in 376, causing new waves of migrations. The Huns forced the remnants of the local population into submission, but their empire collapsed in 454. The Gepids<\/a> took possession of the former Dacia province. The nomadic Avars<\/a> defeated the Gepids and established a powerful empire around 570. The Bulgars<\/a>, who also came from the Eurasian steppes, occupied the Lower Danube region in 680.<\/p>\n The Magyars (or Hungarians) took control of the steppes north of the Lower Danube in the 830s, but the Bulgarians and the Pechenegs<\/a> jointly forced them to abandon this region for the lowlands along the Middle Danube around 894.<\/p>\n Byzantine<\/a> missionaries proselytized in the lands east of the Tisa from the 940s and Byzantine troops occupied Dobruja in the 970s. The first king of Hungary, Stephen I, who supported Western European missionaries, defeated the local chieftains and established Roman Catholic bishoprics (office of a bishop) in Transylvania and Banat in the early 11th century.<\/p>\n The Mongols destroyed large territories during their invasion of Eastern and Central Europe in 1241 and 1242. A local dynasty ruled the Despotate of Dobruja<\/a> in the second half of the 14th century, but the Ottoman Empire took possession of the territory after 1388.<\/p>\n Princes Mircea I<\/a> and Vlad III of Wallachia<\/a>, and Stephen III of Moldavia<\/a> defended their countries’ independence against the Ottomans.<\/p>\n The Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, and the Ottomans occupied parts of Banat and Cri\u0219ana in 1541. Transylvania and Maramure\u0219, along with the rest of Banat and Cri\u0219ana developed into a new state under Ottoman suzerainty, the Principality of Transylvania.<\/a><\/p>\n The princes of Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia joined the Holy League<\/a> against the Ottoman Empire in 1594. The Wallachian prince, Michael the Brave<\/a>, united the three principalities under his rule in May 1600. The neighboring powers forced him to abdicate in September, but he became a symbol of the unification of the Romanian lands in the 19th century. Although the rulers of the three principalities continued to pay tribute to the Ottomans, the most talented princes\u2014Gabriel Bethlen<\/a> of Transylvania, Matei Basarab<\/a> of Wallachia, and Vasile Lupu<\/a> of Moldavia\u2014strengthened their autonomy.<\/p>\n The united armies of the Holy League expelled the Ottoman troops from Central Europe between 1684 and 1699, and the Principality of Transylvania was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy<\/a>. The Habsburgs supported the Catholic clergy and persuaded the Orthodox Romanian prelates to accept the union with the Roman Catholic Church in 1699.<\/p>\n The Treaty of K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca<\/a> authorized the Russian ambassador in Istanbul to defend the autonomy of Moldavia and Wallachia (known as the Danubian Principalities<\/a>) in 1774. Taking advantage of the Greek War of Independence<\/a>, a Wallachian lesser nobleman, Tudor Vladimirescu, stirred up a revolt against the Ottomans in January 1821, but he was murdered in June by Phanariot Greeks. After a new Russo-Turkish War<\/a>, the Treaty of Adrianople<\/a> strengthened the autonomy of the Danubian Principalities in 1829, although it also acknowledged the sultan’s right to confirm the election of the princes.<\/p>\n Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu<\/a>, Nicolae B\u0103lcescu<\/a> and other leaders of the 1848 revolutions in Moldavia and Wallachia demanded the emancipation of the peasants and the union of the two principalities, but Russian and Ottoman troops crushed their revolt.<\/p>\n The Treaty of Paris<\/a> put the Danubian Principalities under the collective guardianship of the Great Powers in 1856. After special assemblies<\/a> convoked in Moldavia and Wallachia urged the unification of the two principalities, the Great Powers did not prevent the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza<\/a> as their collective domnitor (or ruling prince) in January 1859. The united principalities officially adopted the name Romania on 21 February 1862.<\/p>\n Cuza’s successor, a German prince, Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (or Carol I)<\/a>, was elected in May. The parliament adopted the first constitution of Romania in the same year. The Great Powers acknowledged Romania’s full independence at the Congress of Berlin<\/a> and Carol I was crowned king in 1881. The Congress also granted the Danube Delta and Dobruja to Romania.<\/p>\n The Transylvanian Romanians and Saxons wanted to maintain the separate status of Transylvania in the Habsburg Monarchy, but the Austro-Hungarian Compromise<\/a> brought about the union of the province with Hungary in 1867. Ethnic Romanian politicians sharply opposed the Hungarian government’s attempts to transform Hungary into a national state, especially the laws prescribing the obligatory teaching of Hungarian. Leaders of the Romanian National Party proposed the federalization of Austria-Hungary and the Romanian intellectuals established a cultural association to promote the use of Romanian.<\/p>\n The country remained neutral when World War I broke out in 1914, but Prime Minister Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu<\/a> started negotiations with the Entente Powers. After they promised Austrian-Hungarian territories with a majority of ethnic Romanian population to Romania in the Treaty of Bucharest<\/a>, Romania entered the war against the Central Powers in 1916. The German and Austrian-Hungarian troops defeated the Romanian army and occupied three-quarters of the country by early 1917. After the October Revolution<\/a> turned Russia from an ally into an enemy, Romania was forced to sign a harsh peace treaty<\/a> with the Central Powers in May 1918, but the collapse of Russia also enabled the union of Bessarabia with Romania<\/a>. King Ferdinand<\/a> again mobilized the Romanian army on behalf of the Entente Powers a day before Germany capitulated on 11 November 1918.<\/p>\n Austria-Hungary quickly disintegrated after the war. The General Congress of Bukovina<\/a> proclaimed the union of the province with Romania<\/a> on 28 November 1918, and the Grand National Assembly proclaimed the union of Transylvania, Banat, Cri\u0219ana and Maramure\u0219<\/a> with the kingdom on 1 December. Peace treaties with Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary delineated the new borders in 1919 and 1920, but the Soviet Union did not acknowledge the loss of Bessarabia.<\/p>\n The 1938 Munich Agreement<\/a> convinced King Carol II that France and the United Kingdom could not defend Romanian interests. German preparations for a new war required the regular supply of Romanian oil and agricultural products. The two countries concluded a treaty concerning the coordination of their economic policies in 1939, but the King could not persuade Adolf Hitler to guarantee Romania’s frontiers. Romania was forced to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union<\/a> on 26 June 1940, Northern Transylvania to Hungary on 30 August, and Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria in September.<\/p>\n After the territorial losses, the King was forced to abdicate in favor of his minor son, Michael I<\/a>, on 6 September, and Romania was transformed into a national-legionary state under the leadership of General Ion Antonescu<\/a>. Antonescu signed the Tripartite Pact of Germany, Italy and Japan on 23 November. The Iron Guard staged a coup against Antonescu, but he crushed the riot with German support and introduced a military dictatorship in early 1941.<\/p>\n Romania entered World War II soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The country regained Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, and the Germans placed Transnistria (the territory between the rivers Dniester and Dnieper) under Romanian administration. Romanian and German troops massacred at least 160,000 local Jews in these territories; more than 105,000 Jews and about 11,000 Gypsies died during their deportation from Bessarabia to Transnistria. Most of the Jewish population of Moldavia, Wallachia, Banat and Southern Transylvania survived, but their fundamental rights were limited. After the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944, about 132,000 Jews \u2013 mainly Hungarian-speaking \u2013 were deported to extermination camps from Northern Transylvania with the Hungarian authorities’ support.<\/p>\n After the Soviet victory in the Battle of Stalingrad<\/a> in 1943, Iuliu Maniu<\/a>, a leader of the opposition to Antonescu, entered into secret negotiations with British diplomats who made it clear that Romania had to seek reconciliation with the Soviet Union. Romania switched sides during the war, and nearly 250,000 Romanian troops joined the Red Army’s military campaign against Hungary and Germany, but Joseph Stalin regarded the country as an occupied territory within the Soviet sphere of influence. Stalin’s deputy instructed the King to make the Communists’ candidate, Petru Groza<\/a>, the prime minister in March 1945. The Romanian administration in Northern Transylvania was soon restored, and Groza’s government carried out an agrarian reform. In February 1947, the Paris Peace Treaties<\/a> confirmed the return of Northern Transylvania to Romania, but they also legalized the presence of units of the Red Army in the country.<\/p>\n During the Soviet occupation of Romania<\/a>, the Communist-dominated government called for new elections in 1946, which they fraudulently won, with a fabricated 70% majority of the vote. Thus, they rapidly established themselves as the dominant political force. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej<\/a>, a Communist party leader imprisoned in 1933, escaped in 1944 to become Romania’s first Communist leader. In February 1947, he and others forced King Michael I to abdicate and leave the country and proclaimed Romania a people’s republic. Romania remained under the direct military occupation and economic control of the USSR until the late 1950s. During this period, Romania’s vast natural resources were drained continuously by mixed Soviet-Romanian companies (SovRoms) set up for unilateral exploitative purposes.<\/p>\n In 1948, the state began to nationalize private firms and to collectivize agriculture. Until the early 1960s, the government severely curtailed political liberties and vigorously suppressed any dissent with the help of the Securitate\u2014the Romanian secret police. During this period the regime launched several campaigns of purges during which numerous “enemies of the state” and “parasite elements” were targeted for different forms of punishment including: deportation, internal exile, internment in forced labour camps and prisons\u2014sometimes for life\u2014as well as extrajudicial killing. Nevertheless, anti-Communist resistance was one of the most long-lasting in the Eastern Bloc. A 2006 Commission estimated the number of direct victims of the Communist repression at two million people.<\/p>\n In 1965, Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu<\/a> came to power and started to conduct the country’s foreign policy more independently from the Soviet Union. Thus, Communist Romania was the only Warsaw Pact<\/a> country which refused to participate in the Soviet-led 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia<\/a>. Ceau\u0219escu even publicly condemned the action<\/a> as “a big mistake, [and] a serious danger to peace in Europe and to the fate of Communism in the world”.) It was the only Communist state to maintain diplomatic relations with Israel<\/a> after 1967’s Six-Day War<\/a> and established diplomatic relations with West Germany<\/a> the same year. At the same time, close ties with the Arab countries and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)<\/a> allowed Romania to play a key role in the Israel\u2013Egypt and Israel\u2013PLO peace talks.<\/p>\n As Romania’s foreign debt increased sharply between 1977 and 1981 (from US$3 billion to $10 billion), the influence of international financial organisations\u2014such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank\u2014grew, gradually conflicting with Ceau\u0219escu’s autocratic rule. He eventually initiated a policy of total reimbursement of the foreign debt by imposing austerity steps that impoverished the population and exhausted the economy. The process succeeded in repaying all of Romania’s foreign government debt in 1989. At the same time, Ceau\u0219escu greatly extended the authority of the Securitate secret police and imposed a severe cult of personality, which led to a dramatic decrease in the dictator’s popularity and culminated in his overthrow and eventual execution, together with his wife, in the violent Romanian Revolution of December 1989 in which thousands were killed or injured. The charges for which they were executed were, among others, genocide by starvation.<\/p>\n After the 1989 revolution, the National Salvation Front (NSF), led by Ion Iliescu<\/a>, took partial multi-party democratic and free market measures. In April 1990, a sit-in protest contesting the results of that year’s legislative elections and accusing the NSF, including Iliescu, of being made up of former Communists and members of the Securitate grew rapidly to become what was called the Golaniad<\/a>. Peaceful demonstrations degenerated into violence, prompting the intervention of coal miners summoned by Iliescu. This episode has been documented widely by both local and foreign media, and is remembered as the June 1990 Mineriad.<\/a><\/p>\n The subsequent disintegration of the Front produced several political parties, including most notably the Social Democratic Party (PDSR then PSD) and the Democratic Party (PD and subsequently PDL). The former governed Romania from 1990 until 1996 through several coalitions and governments, with Ion Iliescu as head of state. Since then, there have been several other democratic changes of government: in 1996 Emil Constantinescu<\/a> was elected president, in 2000 Iliescu returned to power, while Traian B\u0103sescu<\/a> was elected in 2004 and narrowly re-elected in 2009.<\/p>\n In November 2014, Sibiu<\/a> former FDGR\/DFDR mayor Klaus Iohannis<\/a> was elected president, unexpectedly defeating former Prime Minister Victor Ponta<\/a>, who had been previously leading in the opinion polls. This surprise victory was attributed by many analysts to the implication of the Romanian diaspora<\/a> in the voting process, with almost 50% casting ballots for Klaus Iohannis in the first round, compared to only 16% for Ponta. In 2019, Iohannis was re-elected president in a landslide victory over former Prime Minister Viorica D\u0103ncil\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\n After the end of the Cold War, Romania developed closer ties with Western Europe and the United States, eventually joining NATO in 2004, and hosting the 2008 summit in Bucharest.<\/p>\n The country applied in June 1993 for membership in the European Union and became an Associated State of the EU in 1995, an Acceding Country in 2004, and a full member on 1 January 2007.<\/p>\n During the 2000s, Romania enjoyed one of the highest economic growth rates in Europe and has been referred at times as “the Tiger of Eastern Europe”. This has been accompanied by a significant improvement in living standards as the country successfully reduced domestic poverty and established a functional democratic state. However, Romania’s development suffered a major setback during the late-2000s’ recession leading to a large gross domestic product contraction and a budget deficit in 2009. This led to Romania borrowing from the International Monetary Fund. Worsening economic conditions led to unrest and triggered a political crisis in 2012.<\/p>\n Romania still faces problems related to infrastructure, medical services, education, and corruption<\/a>. Near the end of 2013, The Economist reported Romania again enjoying “booming” economic growth at 4.1% that year, with wages rising fast and a lower unemployment than in Britain. Economic growth accelerated in the midst of government liberalizations in opening up new sectors to competition and investment\u2014most notably, energy and telecoms. In 2016 the Human Development Index ranked Romania as a nation of “Very High Human Development”.<\/p>\n Following the experience of economic instability throughout the 1990s, and the implementation of a free travel agreement with the EU, a great number of Romanians emigrated to Western Europe and North America, with particularly large communities in Italy, Germany and Spain. In 2016, the Romanian diaspora was estimated to be over 3.6 million people, the fifth-highest emigrant population in the world.<\/p>\n Romania is the largest country in Southeastern Europe and the twelfth-largest in Europe, having an area of 238,397 square kilometers (92,046 sq mi). The terrain is distributed roughly equally between mountains, hills, and plains.<\/p>\n The Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of Romania, with 14 mountain ranges reaching above 2,000 m or 6,600 ft\u2014the highest is Moldoveanu Peak<\/a> at 2,544 m or 8,346 ft. They are surrounded by the Moldavian<\/a> and Transylvanian<\/a> plateaus, the Carpathian Basin<\/a> and the Wallachian plains<\/a>.<\/p>\n In 2019, Romania has a GDP (PPP) of around $547 billion and a GDP per capita (PPP) of $28,189. According to the World Bank, Romania is a high-income economy. According to Eurostat, Romania’s GDP per capita (PPS) was 70% of the EU average (100%) in 2019, an increase from 44% in 2007 (the year of Romania’s accession to the EU), making Romania one of the fastest growing economies in the EU.<\/p>\n Industrial output growth reached 6.5% year-on-year in February 2013, the highest in the Europe. The largest local companies include car maker Automobile Dacia<\/a>, Petrom<\/a>, Rompetrol<\/a>, Ford Romania<\/a>, Electrica<\/a>, Romgaz<\/a>, RCS & RDS<\/a> and Banca Transilvania<\/a>. As of 2020, there are around 6000 exports per month. Romania’s main exports are: cars, software, clothing and textiles, industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic products, raw materials, military equipment, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers). Trade is mostly centred on the member states of the European Union, with Germany and Italy being the country’s single largest trading partners.<\/p>\n Romania has attracted increasing amounts of foreign investment following the end of Communism, with the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania rising to \u20ac83.8 billion in June 2019.[307] Romania’s FDI outward stock (an external or foreign business either investing in or purchasing the stock of a local economy) amounted to $745 million in December 2018, the lowest value among the 28 EU member states.[307]<\/p>\n Since 1867 the official currency has been the Romanian leu<\/a> (“lion”) and following a denomination in 2005. After joining the EU in 2007, Romania is expected to adopt the Euro<\/a> in 2024.<\/p>\n According to the Romania’s National Institute of Statistics (INSSE), Romania’s total road network was estimated in 2015 at 86,080 kilometres (53,488 mi).<\/p>\n The World Bank estimates the railway network at 22,298 kilometres (13,855 mi) of track, the fourth-largest railroad network in Europe. Bucharest Metro<\/a>, the only underground railway system, was opened in 1979 and measures 61.41 km (38.16 mi) with an average ridership in 2007 of 600,000 passengers during the workweek in the country. There are sixteen international commercial airports in service today. Over 12.8 million passengers flew through Bucharest’s Henri Coand\u0103 International Airport<\/a> in 2017.<\/p>\n The national flag of Romania is a tricolor with vertical stripes, beginning from the flagpole: blue, yellow and red.<\/p>\n The flag is coincidentally very similar to the civil flag of Andorra<\/a> and the state flag of Chad<\/a>. The similarity with Chad’s flag, which is identical apart from allowing a broader range of shades of blue, yellow and red, has caused international discussion. In 2004, Chad asked the United Nations<\/a> to examine the issue, but then-president of Romania Ion Iliescu<\/a> announced no change would occur to the flag. The flag of Moldova<\/a> is related to the Romanian tricolor, except it has a 1:2 ratio, a lighter shade of blue, a slightly different tint of yellow, and the Moldovan coat of arms<\/a> in the middle.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Downtown-Bucharest-300x169.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>History:<\/h2>\n
Prehistory:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Cucuteni\u2013Trypillia-Culture-Pottery-300x176.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Antiquity:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Burebista-189x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Decebalus-228x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Middle Ages:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Vlad-III-248x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Early Modern Times:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Michael-the-Brave-243x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Independence and Monarchy:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Alexandru-Ioan-Cuza-218x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Carol-I-King-of-Romania-219x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>World Wars and Greater Romania:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Ion-I.-C.-Bratianu-205x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Romanias-Territorial-Losses-in-the-Summer-of-1940-300x215.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/King-Michael-I-of-Romania-218x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Communism:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Gheorghe-Gheorghiu-Dej-218x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Nicolae-Ceausescu-300x211.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Contemporary Period:<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Romanian-Revolution-1989-300x189.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Ion-Iliescu-225x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/2008-NATO-Summit-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/2017-19-Protests-300x199.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Geography:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Topographic-Map-of-Romania-300x212.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Economy:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Romania-Exports-Treemap-300x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Transportation:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/08\/Road-Map-of-Romania-300x226.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Flag of Romania:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/07\/Flag-of-Romania-300x200.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>