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The state takes its name from the Ohio River<\/a>. The name originated from the Seneca language word ohi\u02d0yo’, meaning “great river” or “large creek”.\u00a0 Partitioned from the Northwest Territory<\/a>, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1, 1803.<\/p>\n Ohio’s neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Lake Erie<\/a> to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, and West Virginia on the southeast.<\/p>\n Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. \u00a0In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court held that, based on the wording of the cessation of territory by Virginia, which at that time included what is now Kentucky and West Virginia, the boundary between Ohio and Kentucky, and, by implication, West Virginia, is the northern low-water mark of the river as it existed in 1792.\u00a0 Ohio has only that portion of the river between the river’s 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark.<\/p>\n The border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War<\/a>, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River.<\/p>\n Much of Ohio features glaciated till plains, with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp<\/a>. This glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the glaciated Allegheny Plateau<\/a>, and then by another belt known as the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. \u00a0Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills and forests.<\/p>\n The rugged southeastern quadrant of Ohio, stretching in an outward bow-like arc along the Ohio River from the West Virginia Panhandle to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a distinct socio-economic unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, this area’s coal mining legacy, dependence on small pockets of old manufacturing establishments, and distinctive regional dialect set this section off from the rest of the state.<\/p>\n Archeological evidence suggests that the Ohio Valley was inhabited by nomadic people as early as 13,000 BC.\u00a0 These early nomads disappeared from Ohio by 1,000 BC. \u00a0Between 1,000 and 800 BC, the sedentary Adena<\/a> culture emerged.\u00a0 The Adena were able to establish “semi-permanent” villages because they domesticated plants, which included squash, sunflowers, and perhaps corn. \u00a0Cultivation of these in addition to hunting and gathering supported more settled, complex villages.\u00a0 The most spectacular remnant of the Adena culture is the Great Serpent Mound<\/a>, located in Adams County, Ohio.<\/p>\n Around 100 BC, the Adena evolved into the Hopewell people<\/a>. \u00a0Like the Adena, the Hopewell people participated in a mound-building culture. \u00a0They were also a powerful trading society, managing to knit together a network that passed goods throughout a third of the continent.\u00a0 The Hopewell, however, disappeared from the Ohio Valley in about 600 AD. \u00a0Little is known about the people who replaced them, although many Siouan-speaking peoples from the Plains & East Coast claim them as ancestors & say they lived throughout the Ohio region until approx. the 13th century.\u00a0 It is possible that the rise of the Mississippian Culture was the downfall of the Hopewell, as they began to rise to prominence on the Mississippi River around the same time that the Hopewell Culture died out.<\/p>\n Researchers have identified three additional, distinct prehistoric cultures: the Fort Ancient people<\/a>, the Whittlesey Focus people<\/a>, and the Monongahela Culture<\/a>.\u00a0 All three cultures apparently disappeared in the 17th century, perhaps decimated by infectious diseases spread in epidemics from early European contact.<\/p>\n During the 18th century, the French set up a system of trading posts to control the fur trade in the region.\u00a0 As a result of the Treaty of Paris<\/a>, the French ceded control of Ohio and the remainder of the Old Northwest to Great Britain.\u00a0 In the Treaty of Paris in 1783<\/a>, Britain ceded all claims to Ohio country to the United States.<\/p>\n The United States created the Northwest Territory<\/a> under the Northwest Ordinance<\/a> of 1787.\u00a0 Slavery was not permitted in the new territory. \u00a0Settlement began with the founding of Marietta by the Ohio Company of Associates, which had been formed by a group of American Revolutionary War veterans. Following the Ohio Company, the Miami Company claimed the southwestern section, and the Connecticut Land Company surveyed and settled the Connecticut Western Reserve in present-day Northeast Ohio.<\/p>\n Under the Northwest Ordinance, areas of the territory could be defined and admitted as states once their population reached 60,000. \u00a0Although Ohio’s population numbered only 45,000 in December 1801, Congress determined that the population was growing rapidly and Ohio could begin the path to statehood. \u00a0The assumption was that it would exceed 60,000 residents by the time it was admitted as a state.<\/p>\n On February 19, 1803, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson signed an act of Congress that approved Ohio’s boundaries and constitution.\u00a0 However, Congress had never passed a resolution formally admitting Ohio as the 17th state. The current custom of Congress declaring an official date of statehood did not begin until 1812.\u00a0 On August 7, 1953, the year of Ohio’s 150th anniversary, President Eisenhower signed a congressional joint resolution that officially declared March 1, 1803, the date of Ohio’s admittance into the Union.<\/p>\n In 1830 under President Andrew Jackson, the US government forced Indian Removal<\/a> of most tribes to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River.<\/p>\n In 1835, Ohio fought with Michigan in the Toledo War, a mostly bloodless boundary war over the Toledo Strip. \u00a0Only one person was injured in the conflict. Congress intervened, making Michigan’s admittance as a state conditional on ending the conflict. In exchange for giving up its claim to the Toledo Strip, Michigan was given the western two-thirds of the Upper Peninsula, in addition to the eastern third that was already considered part of the state.<\/p>\n Ohio’s central position and its population gave it an important place during the Civil War. \u00a0The Ohio River was a vital artery for troop and supply movements, as were Ohio’s railroads. \u00a0The industry of Ohio made the state one of the most important states in the union during the Civil war.<\/p>\n As of 2016, Ohio’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $626 billion.\u00a0 This ranks Ohio’s economy as the seventh-largest of all fifty states and the District of Columbia.<\/p>\n The manufacturing and financial activities sectors each compose 18.3% of Ohio’s GDP, making them Ohio’s largest industries by percentage of GDP.\u00a0 Ohio has the third largest manufacturing workforce behind California and Texas.\u00a0 Ohio has the largest bioscience sector in the Midwest, and is a national leader in the “green” economy. \u00a0Ohio is the largest producer in the country of plastics, rubber, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and appliances.<\/p>\n By employment, Ohio’s largest sector is trade\/transportation\/utilities, which employs 1,010,000 Ohioans, or 19.4% of Ohio’s workforce, while the health care and education sector employs 825,000 Ohioans (15.8%).\u00a0 Government employs 787,000 Ohioans (15.1%), manufacturing employs 669,000 Ohioans (12.9%), and professional and technical services employs 638,000 Ohioans (12.2%).\u00a0 Ohio’s manufacturing sector is the third-largest of all fifty United States states in terms of gross domestic product.<\/p>\n Fifty-nine of the United States’ top 1,000 publicly traded companies (by revenue in 2008) are headquartered in Ohio, including Procter & Gamble<\/a>, Goodyear Tire & Rubber<\/a>, AK Steel<\/a>, Timken<\/a>, Abercrombie & Fitch<\/a>, and Wendy’s<\/a>.<\/p>\n Ohio has a highly developed network of roads and interstate highways. \u00a0Major east-west through routes include the Ohio Turnpike<\/a> (I-80\/I-90) in the north, I-76<\/a> through Akron to Pennsylvania, I-70<\/a> through Columbus and Dayton, and the Appalachian Highway (State Route 32<\/a>) running from West Virginia to Cincinnati. \u00a0Major north-south routes include I-75<\/a> in the west through Toledo, Dayton, and Cincinnati, I-71<\/a> through the middle of the state from Cleveland through Columbus and Cincinnati into Kentucky, and I-77<\/a> in the eastern part of the state from Cleveland through Akron, Canton, New Philadelphia and Marietta south into West Virginia. \u00a0Interstate 75 between Cincinnati and Dayton is one of the heaviest traveled sections of interstate in Ohio.<\/p>\n Ohio has several major airports including: Cleveland Hopkins International Airport<\/a>, John Glenn Columbus International Airport<\/a>, Dayton International Airport<\/a>, and Akron Fulton International Airport<\/a>.\u00a0 Cincinnati\/Northern Kentucky International Airpor<\/a>t is in Hebron, Kentucky, and therefore is not listed above.<\/p>\n The Ohio Burgee is the official flag of the U.S. state of Ohio. \u00a0Ohio’s swallowtail flag is the only non-rectangular U.S. state flag. \u00a0Its red, white, and blue elements symbolize the state’s natural features and order of admission into the Union. \u00a0A prominent disc in the flag’s triangular canton is suggestive of the state’s name.<\/p>\n The flag was designed in 1901 by John Eisenmann<\/a> for the Pan-American Exposition<\/a> and adopted in 1902. Before that, for nearly a century after statehood, Ohio did not have a legally authorized state flag. One unsuccessful proposal called for a design based on the state seal.<\/p>\n Ohio has adopted an official salute to the flag and the official folding procedure gives it 17 folds.<\/p>\n The official interpretation of the flag as encoded in state statute follows:<\/p>\n \u201cThe flag of the state shall be burgee-shaped<\/a>. \u00a0It shall have three red and two white horizontal stripes that represent the roads and waterways of the state. \u00a0The union of the flag shall be seventeen five-pointed stars, white in a blue triangular field that represents the state’s hills and valleys, the base of which shall be the staff end or vertical edge of the flag, and the apex of which shall be the center of the middle red stripe. \u00a0The stars shall be grouped around a red disc superimposed upon a white circular “O.” The thirteen stars grouped around the “O” represent the original states of the United States and the four stars added to the peak of the triangle symbolize that Ohio was the seventeenth state admitted to the union. \u00a0The “O” represents the “O” in “Ohio” and suggests the state’s nickname, the buckeye state. The proportional dimensions of the flag and of its various parts shall be according to the official design on file in the office of the secretary of state.\u201d<\/p>\n According to vexillologist Whitney Smith, the uniquely shaped Ohio flag may be loosely based upon cavalry flags of the Civil War and Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>.\u00a0 The flag has been officially defined as a “burgee” since 2002, even though burgees are typically used as maritime flags. \u00a0Its shape, lack of text, and mirror symmetry allow it to be flown or hung in various orientations without affecting legibility.\u00a0 On account of the flag’s uncommon shape, foreign manufacturers have occasionally set the entire design against a white, rectangular field.<\/p>\n Ohio’s nickname is “The Buckeye State” partially because many buckeye trees<\/a> once covered Ohio’s hills and plains.<\/p>\n The name “buckeye” stems from Native Americans, who called the nut “hetuck,” which means “buck eye” because the markings on the nut resemble the eye of a deer. \u00a0But the national association between Ohio and the buckeye was born during William Henry Harrison<\/a>‘s 1840 presidential campaign (Harrison was a Virginia-born Ohioan and military hero). \u00a0Harrison’s opponents claimed he was “better suited to sit in a log cabin and drink hard cider.” \u00a0Harrison’s supporters turned this intended criticism into a promotion, dubbing him “the log cabin candidate.” They fashioned Harrison’s campaign emblem as a log cabin made of buckeye timbers with a long string of buckeyes decorating the walls. \u00a0Harrison’s backers also walked with buckeye canes and rolled whisky barrels in parades.<\/p>\nGeography:<\/h2>\n
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History:<\/h2>\n
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Economy:<\/h2>\n
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Transportation:<\/h2>\n
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Flag of Ohio:<\/h2>\n
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Nickname for Ohio:<\/h2>\n
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