In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces\u00a0captured Gibraltar<\/a>\u00a0from Spain during the\u00a0War of the Spanish Succession<\/a>\u00a0on behalf of the\u00a0Habsburg<\/a>\u00a0claim to the Spanish throne. The territory was ceded to\u00a0Great Britain<\/a>\u00a0in perpetuity under the\u00a0Treaty of Utrecht<\/a>\u00a0in 1713. During the Napoleonic Wars and World War II it was an important base for the\u00a0Royal Navy<\/a>\u00a0as it controlled the entrance and exit to the\u00a0Mediterranean Sea<\/a>, the\u00a0Strait of Gibraltar<\/a>, which is only 14.3\u00a0km (8.9\u00a0mi) wide at this naval\u00a0choke point<\/a>. It remains strategically important, with half the world’s seaborne trade passing through the strait.\u00a0Today Gibraltar’s economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services and\u00a0bunkering<\/a>.<\/p>\n The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in\u00a0Anglo-Spanish relations<\/a>\u00a0because Spain asserts\u00a0a claim to the territory<\/a>.<\/sup><\/sup>\u00a0Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a\u00a01967 referendum<\/a>\u00a0and, in a\u00a02002 referendum<\/a>, the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected.<\/p>\n On 31 January 2020, the UK and Gibraltar\u00a0left the European Union<\/a>. In December 2020, the UK and Spain agreed in principle to a basis on which the UK and the EU might negotiate terms for Gibraltar to participate in aspects of the\u00a0Schengen Agreement<\/a>.<\/p>\n Evidence of\u00a0Neanderthal<\/a>\u00a0habitation in Gibraltar from around 50,000 years ago has been discovered at\u00a0Gorham’s Cave<\/a>.<\/sup>\u00a0The caves of Gibraltar continued to be used by\u00a0Homo sapiens<\/a><\/i> after the final extinction of the Neanderthals. Stone tools, ancient hearths and animal bones dating from around 40,000 years ago to about 5,000 years ago have been found in deposits left in Gorham’s Cave.<\/p>\n Numerous potsherds dating from the\u00a0Neolithic<\/a>\u00a0period have been found in Gibraltar’s caves, mostly of types typical of the\u00a0Almerian culture<\/a>\u00a0found elsewhere in Andalusia, especially around the town of\u00a0Almer\u00eda<\/a>, from which it takes its name.<\/sup>\u00a0There is little evidence of habitation in the\u00a0Bronze Age<\/a>\u00a0when people had largely stopped living in caves.<\/p>\n During ancient times, Gibraltar was regarded by the peoples of the Mediterranean as a place of religious and symbolic importance. The\u00a0Phoenicians<\/a>\u00a0were present for several centuries since around 950 BC, apparently using Gorham’s Cave as a shrine to the\u00a0genius loci<\/a><\/i>,<\/sup>\u00a0as did the\u00a0Carthaginians<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Romans<\/a>\u00a0after them. Gibraltar was known as\u00a0Mons Calpe<\/a><\/i>, a name perhaps of Phoenician origin.<\/sup>\u00a0Mons Calpe<\/i>\u00a0was considered by the ancient Greeks and Romans as one of the\u00a0Pillars of Hercules<\/a>, after the\u00a0Greek<\/a>\u00a0legend of the creation of the\u00a0Strait of Gibraltar<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Heracles<\/a>. There is no known archaeological evidence of permanent settlements from the ancient period.<\/sup>\u00a0They settled at the head of the bay in what is today known as the\u00a0Campo<\/i>\u00a0(hinterland) of Gibraltar<\/a>.<\/sup>\u00a0The town of\u00a0Carteia<\/a>, near the location of the modern Spanish town of\u00a0San Roque<\/a>, was founded by the Phoenicians around 950 BC on the site of an early settlement of the native\u00a0Turdetani<\/a> people.<\/p>\n After the collapse of the\u00a0Western Roman Empire<\/a>, Gibraltar came briefly under the control of the\u00a0Vandals<\/a>, who crossed into Africa at the invitation of\u00a0Boniface<\/a>, the Count (or commander) of the territory.<\/p>\n The area later formed part of the\u00a0Visigothic Kingdom<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0Hispania<\/a>\u00a0for almost 300 years, from 414 until 711 AD.<\/p>\n Following a raid in 710, a predominantly Berber army under the command of\u00a0Tariq ibn Ziyad<\/a> crossed from North Africa in April 711 and landed somewhere in the vicinity of Gibraltar (though most likely not in the bay or at the Rock itself). Tariq’s expedition led to the\u00a0Islamic conquest of most of the Iberian peninsula<\/a>.\u00a0Mons Calpe<\/i>\u00a0was renamed\u00a0Jabal \u1e6c\u0101riq<\/i>\u00a0(\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642<\/span>), “the Mount of Tariq”, subsequently corrupted into\u00a0Gibraltar<\/i>.<\/p>\n In 1160 the\u00a0Almohad<\/a>\u00a0Sultan\u00a0Abd al-Mu’min<\/a>\u00a0ordered that a permanent settlement, including a castle, be built. It received the name of Medinat al-Fath (City of the Victory).<\/sup>\u00a0The Tower of Homage of the\u00a0Moorish Castle<\/a>\u00a0remains standing today.<\/p>\n From 1274 onwards, the town was fought over and captured by the\u00a0Nasrids<\/a>\u00a0of Granada (in 1237 and 1374), the\u00a0Marinids<\/a>\u00a0of Morocco (in 1274 and 1333) and the kings of\u00a0Castile<\/a>\u00a0(in 1309).<\/p>\n In 1462 Gibraltar was\u00a0captured<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Juan Alonso de Guzm\u00e1n, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia<\/a>, from the\u00a0Emirate of Granada<\/a>.<\/p>\n After the conquest,\u00a0Henry IV of Castile<\/a>\u00a0assumed the additional title of\u00a0King of Gibraltar<\/a>, establishing it as part of the\u00a0comarca<\/a><\/i>\u00a0of the\u00a0Campo Llano de Gibraltar<\/a>.<\/sup>\u00a0Six years later, Gibraltar was restored to the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who sold it in 1474 to a group of 4350\u00a0conversos<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(Christian converts from Judaism) from\u00a0Cordova<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Seville<\/a>\u00a0and in exchange for maintaining the garrison of the town for two years, after which time they were expelled, returning to their home towns or moving on to other parts of Spain.<\/sup>\u00a0In 1501 Gibraltar passed back to the Spanish Crown, and\u00a0Isabella I of Castile<\/a>\u00a0issued a\u00a0Royal Warrant<\/a>\u00a0granting Gibraltar the coat of arms that it still uses.<\/p>\n In 1704, during the\u00a0War of the Spanish Succession<\/a>, a combined\u00a0Anglo<\/a>–Dutch<\/a>\u00a0fleet, representing the\u00a0Grand Alliance<\/a>,\u00a0captured the town of Gibraltar<\/a>\u00a0on behalf of the\u00a0Archduke Charles of Austria<\/a>\u00a0in his campaign to become King of Spain. Subsequently, most of the population left the town with many settling nearby.<\/sup>\u00a0As the Alliance’s campaign faltered, the 1713\u00a0Treaty of Utrecht<\/a>\u00a0was negotiated, which ceded control of Gibraltar to Britain to secure Britain’s withdrawal from the war. Unsuccessful attempts by Spanish monarchs to regain Gibraltar were made with the\u00a0siege of 1727<\/a>\u00a0and again with the\u00a0Great Siege of Gibraltar<\/a>\u00a0(1779 to 1783), during the\u00a0American War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n After the destructive Great Siege, the town was almost entirely rebuilt.<\/sup> Giovanni Maria Boschetti, who arrived in Gibraltar in 1784 as a 25-year-old from Milan, where he is thought to have been a stonemason or engineer, built the Victualling Yard (completed in 1812) and many other buildings. Boschetti is regarded as having been responsible for setting the old town’s style, described by Claire Montado, chief executive of the Gibraltar Heritage Trust, as “military-ordnance-style arched doorways, Italianate stucco relief, Genoese shutters, English Regency ironwork balconies, Spanish stained glass and Georgian sash and casement windows.”<\/p>\n During the\u00a0Napoleonic Wars<\/a>, Gibraltar became a key base for the\u00a0Royal Navy<\/a>\u00a0and played an important role leading up to the\u00a0Battle of Trafalgar<\/a>\u00a0(21 October 1805). Designated one of four\u00a0Imperial fortresses<\/a>\u00a0(along with\u00a0Halifax, Nova Scotia<\/a>,\u00a0Bermuda<\/a>, and\u00a0Malta<\/a>),<\/sup>\u00a0its strategic location made it a key base during the\u00a0Crimean War<\/a>\u00a0of 1854\u20131856. In the 18th century, the peacetime military garrison fluctuated in numbers from a minimum of 1,100 to a maximum of 5,000. The first half of the 19th century saw a significant increase of population to more than 17,000 in 1860, as people from Britain and all around the Mediterranean \u2013 Italian, Portuguese, Maltese, Jewish and French \u2013 took up residence in the town.<\/sup><\/p>\n Its strategic value increased with the opening of the\u00a0Suez Canal<\/a>, as it lay on the sea route between the UK and the\u00a0British Empire<\/a> east of Suez. In the later 19th century, major investments were made to improve the fortifications and the port.<\/p>\n During the Second World War<\/a>, most of Gibraltar’s\u00a0civilian population was evacuated<\/a>, mainly to London, but also to parts of\u00a0Morocco<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Madeira<\/a>\u00a0and to\u00a0Gibraltar Camp<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Jamaica<\/a>. The Rock was strengthened as a\u00a0fortress<\/a>. On 18 July 1940, the\u00a0Vichy French<\/a>\u00a0air force<\/a>\u00a0attacked Gibraltar in retaliation for the\u00a0British bombing<\/a>\u00a0of the Vichy navy. The naval base and the ships based there played a key role in the provisioning and supply of the island of\u00a0Malta<\/a>\u00a0during\u00a0its long siege<\/a>. As well as frequent short runs, known as “Club Runs”, towards Malta to fly off aircraft reinforcements (initially\u00a0Hurricanes<\/a>, but later, notably from the USN aircraft carrier\u00a0Wasp<\/a><\/i>,\u00a0Spitfires<\/a>), the critical\u00a0Operation Pedestal<\/a>\u00a0convoy was run from Gibraltar in August 1942. This resupplied the island at a critical time in the face of concentrated air attacks from German and Italian forces. Spanish dictator\u00a0Francisco Franco<\/a>‘s reluctance to allow the\u00a0German Army<\/a>\u00a0onto Spanish soil frustrated a German plan to capture the Rock, codenamed\u00a0Operation Felix<\/a>.<\/p>\n In the 1950s, Franco renewed Spain’s claim to sovereignty over Gibraltar and restricted movement between Gibraltar and Spain. Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain under British sovereignty in the\u00a01967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum<\/a>, which led to the passing of the\u00a0Gibraltar Constitution Order<\/a>\u00a0in 1969. In response, Spain completely closed the border with Gibraltar and severed all communication links.<\/sup>\u00a0The border with Spain was partially reopened in 1982 and fully reopened in 1985 before Spain’s accession to the\u00a0European Community<\/a>.<\/p>\n In the early 2000s, Britain and Spain were in negotiations over a potential agreement that would see them sharing sovereignty over Gibraltar. The government of Gibraltar organized a\u00a0referendum<\/a> on the plan, and 99% of the population voted to reject it.\u00a0In 2008, the British government committed to respecting the Gibraltarians’ wishes.<\/sup>\u00a0A\u00a0new Constitution Order<\/a> was approved in referendum in 2006. A process of tripartite negotiations started in 2006 between Spain, Gibraltar and the UK, ending some restrictions and dealing with disputes in some specific areas such as air movements, customs procedures, telecommunications, pensions and cultural exchange.<\/p>\n In the\u00a0British referendum on membership of the European Union<\/a>\u00a096% of\u00a0Gibraltarians voted to remain<\/a>\u00a0on an 84% turnout.<\/sup>\u00a0Spain renewed calls for joint Spanish\u2013British control of the peninsula;<\/sup>\u00a0these were strongly rebuffed by Gibraltar’s Chief Minister.<\/sup>\u00a0On 18 October 2018, however, Spain seemed to have reached an agreement with the United Kingdom in relation to its objections to Gibraltar leaving the EU with the UK, with Spain’s prime minister\u00a0Pedro S\u00e1nchez<\/a>\u00a0stating, “Gibraltar will no longer be a problem in arriving at a Brexit deal.”<\/sup><\/p>\n On 31 January 2020, the\u00a0UK left the European Union<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0consequently<\/a>\u00a0so did Gibraltar. Under the terms of the transition phase in the\u00a0Brexit withdrawal agreement<\/a>, Gibraltar’s relationship with the EU continued unchanged until the end of 2020 when it was replaced by the\u00a0EU\u2013UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement<\/a>. On 31 December 2020, the UK and Spain agreed in principle on a basis for the EU and the UK to negotiate an agreement through which Gibraltar would participate in the\u00a0Schengen Area<\/a>,<\/sup>\u00a0to avoid a hard border with Spain. The arrangements have not entered into force,<\/sup><\/sup>\u00a0but both sides aim to keep delays at the border at a minimum in the meantime.<\/p>\n Gibraltar’s territory covers 6.7 square kilometres (2.6 sq mi) and shares a 1.2-kilometre (0.75 mi) land border with Spain. The town of\u00a0La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n<\/a>, a\u00a0municipality<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0province of C\u00e1diz<\/a>, lies on the Spanish side of the border. The Spanish hinterland forms the\u00a0comarca<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0Campo de Gibraltar<\/a> (literally “Countryside of Gibraltar”). The shoreline measures 12 kilometers (7.5\u00a0mi) in length. There are two coasts (“Sides”) of Gibraltar: the East Side, which contains the settlements of\u00a0Sandy Bay<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Catalan Bay<\/a>; and the\u00a0Westside<\/a>, where the vast majority of the population lives. Gibraltar has no administrative divisions but is divided into seven\u00a0Major Residential Areas<\/a>.<\/p>\n Having negligible\u00a0natural resources<\/a>\u00a0and few natural\u00a0freshwater<\/a>\u00a0resources, limited to natural wells in the north, until recently Gibraltar used large concrete or natural rock\u00a0water catchments<\/a>\u00a0to collect rainwater. Fresh water from the boreholes is nowadays supplemented by two\u00a0desalination<\/a>\u00a0plants: a\u00a0reverse osmosis<\/a>\u00a0plant, constructed in a tunnel within the rock, and a\u00a0multi-stage flash distillation<\/a> plant at North Mole.<\/p>\n Gibraltar’s terrain consists of the 426-metre-high (1,398\u00a0ft)\u00a0Rock of Gibraltar<\/a>[68]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0made of\u00a0Jurassic<\/a>\u00a0limestone<\/a>, and the narrow coastal lowland surrounding it. It contains many tunneled roads, most of which are still operated by the military and closed to the general public.<\/p>\n The British military<\/a>\u00a0traditionally dominated\u00a0Gibraltar’s economy<\/a>, with the\u00a0naval dockyard<\/a>\u00a0providing the bulk of economic activity. This, however, has diminished over the last 20 years and is estimated to account for only 7 per cent of the local economy, compared to over 60 per cent in 1984. Today, Gibraltar’s economy is dominated by four main sectors:\u00a0financial services<\/a>,\u00a0online gambling<\/a>, shipping, and tourism, which includes duty-free retail sales to visitors.<\/sup>\u00a0The territory also has a small manufacturing sector, with one company (Bassadone Automotive Group) supplying ambulances and other project vehicles converted locally from\u00a0SUV<\/a>\u00a0vehicles to the United Nations and other agencies, employing some 320 staff across its range of activities.<\/sup><\/p>\n Gibraltar’s\u00a0labour market<\/a> shows an extremely low unemployment rate of around 1 per cent. Nearly half (46%) of the total employment is covered by frontier workers (employees who are normally resident in Spain but are employed in Gibraltar), the large majority of them (59%) of Spanish nationality.<\/p>\n In the early 2000s, many\u00a0bookmakers<\/a> and online gaming operators moved to Gibraltar to benefit from operating in a regulated jurisdiction with a favorable\u00a0corporate tax<\/a> regime. This corporate tax regime for non-resident controlled companies was phased out by January 2011 and replaced by a still favorable fixed corporate tax rate of 10 per cent.[81]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n Tourism is also a significant industry. Gibraltar is a popular port for cruise ships and attracts day visitors from resorts in Spain. The Rock is a popular tourist attraction, particularly among British tourists and residents in the southern coast of Spain. It is also a popular shopping destination, and all goods and services are\u00a0VAT<\/a>\u00a0free, but may be subject to Gibraltar taxes. Many of the large British high street chains have branches or franchises in Gibraltar including\u00a0Morrisons<\/a>,\u00a0Marks & Spencer<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Mothercare<\/a>. Branches and franchises of international retailers such as\u00a0Tommy Hilfiger<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Sunglass Hut<\/a>\u00a0are also present in Gibraltar, as is the Spanish clothing company\u00a0Mango<\/a>.<\/p>\n A number of British and international banks<\/a>\u00a0have operations based in Gibraltar.\u00a0Jyske Bank<\/a>\u00a0claims to be the oldest bank in the country, based on Jyske’s acquisition in 1987 of\u00a0Banco Galliano<\/a>, which began operations in Gibraltar in 1855. An ancestor of\u00a0Barclays<\/a>, the\u00a0Anglo-Egyptian Bank<\/a>, entered in 1888, and Credit Foncier (now\u00a0Cr\u00e9dit Agricole<\/a>) entered in 1920.<\/p>\n In 1967, Gibraltar enacted the Companies (Taxation and Concessions) Ordinance (now an Act), which provided for special tax treatment for international business.<\/sup>\u00a0This was one of the factors leading to the growth of professional services such as\u00a0private banking<\/a>\u00a0and captive insurance management. Gibraltar has several attractive attributes as a\u00a0financial center<\/a>, including a\u00a0common law<\/a>\u00a0legal system<\/a>\u00a0and access to the EU single market in financial services. The Financial Services Commission (FSC),<\/sup>\u00a0which was established by an ordinance in 1989 (now an Act) that took effect in 1991, regulates the finance sector.<\/sup>\u00a0In 1997, the Department of Trade and Industry established its Gibraltar Finance Centre (GFC) Division to facilitate the development the\u00a0financial sector development<\/a>. As of 2012, Gibraltar has 0.103\u00a0Big Four<\/a>\u00a0accounting firm offices per 1,000 population, the second highest in the world after the\u00a0British Virgin Islands<\/a>, and 0.6 banks per 1,000 people, the fifth most banks per capita in the world.<\/sup>\u00a0As of 2017, there is\u00a0very significant uncertainty<\/a>\u00a0on continuing access to the EU single market after the forthcoming\u00a0Brexit<\/a>.<\/sup><\/p>\n The currency of Gibraltar is the\u00a0Gibraltar pound<\/a>, issued by the\u00a0Government of Gibraltar<\/a>\u00a0under the terms of the 1934\u00a0Currency Notes Act<\/i>. These banknotes are\u00a0legal tender<\/a>\u00a0in Gibraltar alongside Bank of England banknotes.<\/sup><\/sup>\u00a0In a\u00a0currency board<\/a>\u00a0arrangement, these notes are issued against reserves of\u00a0sterling<\/a>.\u00a0Clearing and settlement of funds is conducted in sterling.<\/sup><\/p>\n Coins<\/a>\u00a0in circulation follow British denominations but have separate designs. Unofficially, most retail outlets in Gibraltar accept the\u00a0euro<\/a>, though some\u00a0payphones<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0Royal Gibraltar Post Office<\/a>, along with all other government offices, do not.<\/p>\n Restrictions on transport introduced by Spanish dictator\u00a0Francisco Franco<\/a>\u00a0closed the land frontier in 1969 and also prohibited any air or ferry connections. In 1982, the land border was reopened. As the result of an agreement signed in\u00a0C\u00f3rdoba<\/a>\u00a0on 18 September 2006 between Gibraltar, the United Kingdom and Spain,<\/sup>\u00a0the Spanish government agreed to relax\u00a0border controls<\/a>\u00a0at the frontier that have plagued locals for decades; in return, Britain paid increased pensions to Spanish workers who lost their jobs when Franco closed the border.<\/sup> Telecommunication restrictions were lifted in February 2007 and air links with Spain were restored in December 2006.<\/sup><\/p>\n Motorists and pedestrians crossing the border with Spain are occasionally subjected to very long delays.<\/sup>\u00a0Spain has occasionally closed the border during disputes or incidents involving the Gibraltar authorities, such as the\u00a0Aurora<\/i>\u00a0cruise ship incident<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and when fishermen from the Spanish fishing vessel\u00a0Pira\u00f1a<\/i> were arrested for illegal fishing in Gibraltar waters.<\/p>\n As of 2017, Gibraltar maintains regular flight connections with London (Heathrow, Gatwick & Luton),\u00a0Manchester<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Bristol<\/a>\u00a0in the UK, and with\u00a0Casablanca<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Tangier<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Morocco<\/a>.<\/p>\n GB Airways<\/a>\u00a0operated a service between Gibraltar and London and other cities for many years. The airline initially flew under the name “Gibraltar Airways”. In 1989, and in anticipation of service to cities outside the UK, Gibraltar Airways changed its name to GB Airways with the belief that a new name would incur fewer political problems. As a franchise, the airline operated flights in full\u00a0British Airways<\/a>\u00a0livery. In 2007,\u00a0GB Airways was purchased by\u00a0easyJet<\/a>,<\/sup>\u00a0which began operating flights under their name in April 2008 when British Airways re-introduced flights to Gibraltar under their name. EasyJet have since added\u00a0Bristol<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Manchester<\/a>\u00a0and also operated flights to\u00a0Liverpool<\/a>\u00a0between 2011 and 2012. Until entering administration in October 2017,\u00a0Monarch Airlines<\/a>\u00a0operated the largest number of flights between the United Kingdom and Gibraltar, with scheduled services between Gibraltar and\u00a0Luton<\/a>,\u00a0London Gatwick<\/a>,\u00a0Birmingham<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Manchester<\/a>. The Spanish\u00a0national airline<\/a>,\u00a0Iberia<\/a>, operated a daily service to\u00a0Madrid<\/a>\u00a0which ceased for lack of demand. In May 2009,\u00a0\u00c1ndalus L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas<\/a>\u00a0opened a Spanish service,<\/sup>\u00a0which also ceased operations in March 2010.<\/sup>\u00a0An annual return\u00a0charter flight<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0Malta<\/a>\u00a0is operated by\u00a0Maltese<\/a>\u00a0national airline,\u00a0Air Malta<\/a>.<\/p>\n Gibraltar International Airport<\/a> is unusual not only because of its proximity to the city center resulting in the airport terminal being within walking distance of much of Gibraltar but also because the runway intersects\u00a0Winston Churchill Avenue<\/a>, the main north\u2013south street, requiring movable barricades to close when aircraft land or depart. New roads and a tunnel, which will end the need to stop road traffic when aircraft use the runway, were planned to coincide with the building of a new\u00a0airport terminal building<\/a> with an originally estimated completion date of 2009,<\/sup>\u00a0although it has not been completed because of delays.<\/p>\n The most popular alternative airport for Gibraltar is\u00a0![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/Gibraltar-on-the-Globe-300x252.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>History:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/The_Moorish_Castle.jpg\/170px-The_Moorish_Castle.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Prehistory and ancient history:<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/Gorhams-Cave-300x200.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Middle Ages:<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/Abd-al-Mumin-277x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Modern era:<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/Gibraltar-from-the-Air-300x163.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Contemporary history:<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg\/220px-Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG\/250px-Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Geography:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Gibraltar2021OSM.png\/220px-Gibraltar2021OSM.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nEconomy:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Gibraltar_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg\/260px-Gibraltar_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/The-semi-wild-Barbary-macaques-are-an-integral-feature-in-Gibraltars-tourism.-200x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/09\/2-coin.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Transportation:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg\/170px-Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Gibraltar_Airport_Main_Highway.jpg\/220px-Gibraltar_Airport_Main_Highway.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>