![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/Saint-Helena-on-the-Globe-300x300.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Saint Helena measures about 16 by 8 kilometers (10 by 5 mi) and has a population of 4,534 (2016 census).<\/sup>\u00a0It was named after\u00a0Saint Helena of Constantinople<\/a>. It is one of the most remote islands in the world and was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. For centuries it was an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and Southern Africa. Saint Helena is the United Kingdom’s second-oldest overseas territory after\u00a0Bermuda<\/a>. It is perhaps best known for being the site\u00a0Napoleon<\/a>\u00a0was exiled to after his\u00a0final defeat<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a01815<\/a>.<\/p>\n Most historical accounts state that the island was sighted on 21 May 1502 by\u00a0Galician<\/a>\u00a0navigator\u00a0Jo\u00e3o da Nova<\/a>\u00a0sailing in the service of Portugal, and that he named it Santa Helena after Saint Helena of Constantinople. A paper published in 2015 observes that 21 May is probably a Protestant rather than a Catholic or Orthodox feast day, and the date was first quoted in 1596 by\u00a0Jan Huyghen van Linschoten<\/a>, who was probably mistaken because the island was discovered several decades before the\u00a0Reformation<\/a>\u00a0and the start of\u00a0Protestantism<\/a>.<\/sup><\/sup><\/sup>\u00a0An alternative discovery date of 3 May is suggested as being historically more credible; it is the Catholic feast day of the finding of the\u00a0True Cross<\/a>\u00a0by Saint Helena in\u00a0Jerusalem<\/a>, and cited by Odoardo Duarte Lopes<\/sup>\u00a0and\u00a0Sir Thomas Herbert<\/a>.<\/p>\n When Linschoten arrived on 12 May 1589 he reported seeing carvings made by visiting seamen on a fig tree that were dated as early as 1510.The Portuguese probably planted saplings rather than mature trees, and for these to be sufficiently large by 1510 to carry carvings suggests the plants were shipped to the island and planted there some years earlier, possibly within a few years of discovery.<\/p>\n A third discovery story, told by the 16th-century historian\u00a0Gaspar Correia<\/a>, holds that the island was found by the Portuguese nobleman and warrior Dom\u00a0Garcia de Noronha<\/a>, who sighted the island on his way to India in late 1511 or early 1512. His pilots entered the island onto their charts and it has been suggested that this event was likely decisive in leading to the utilization of the island as a regular stopover for rest and replenishment for ships en route from India to Europe, from that date until well into the seventeenth century.<\/sup> An analysis has been published of the Portuguese ships arriving at St Helena in the period 1502\u20131613.<\/p>\n The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. The long tradition that Jo\u00e3o da Nova built a chapel from one of his wrecked carracks has been shown to be based on a misreading of the records.<\/sup>\u00a0They formed no permanent settlement, but the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling by\u00a0Cape Route<\/a> from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover before taking passage on the next ship to call at the island.<\/p>\n Englishman\u00a0Sir Francis Drake<\/a> probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577\u20131580).<\/sup>\u00a0Further visits by other English explorers followed and, once Saint\u00a0Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India\u00a0carracks<\/a> on their way home.<\/p>\n In developing their Far East trade, the\u00a0Dutch<\/a>\u00a0also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the\u00a0West African<\/a>\u00a0coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, killings of their livestock, and destruction of their\u00a0plantations<\/a> by Dutch pirates.<\/p>\n The\u00a0Dutch Republic<\/a>\u00a0formally claimed Saint\u00a0Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied it. The Dutch lost interest in the island after establishing\u00a0their colony<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0Cape of Good Hope<\/a>.<\/p>\n In 1657,\u00a0Oliver Cromwell<\/a>\u00a0granted the\u00a0East India Company<\/a>\u00a0a charter to govern Saint\u00a0Helena and, the following year, the company decided to fortify the island and settle it with planters.<\/sup> A tradition, which had its origins in the early 20th century, that the early settlers included many who had lost their homes in the 1666 Great Fire of London, was shown to be a myth in 1999.<\/p>\n The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain’s earliest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built: Jamestown had been founded, “in the narrow valley between steep cliffs”.<\/p>\n After the\u00a0Restoration<\/a>\u00a0of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a\u00a0royal charter<\/a>, giving it the sole right to fortify and colonize the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town was called Jamestown<\/a>, in honor of the Duke of York<\/a>, later\u00a0King James II<\/a>.<\/p>\n Between January and May 1673, the\u00a0Dutch East India Company<\/a> seized the island, but English reinforcements restored East India Company control. The island was fortified with approximately 230 gun turrets.<\/p>\n The British government sent some settlers and gave them land that they could farm<\/sup>\u00a0but the company experienced difficulty attracting an adequate number of immigrants, in spite of advertisements in London and free tracts of land. By 1670, the population was only 66, including slaves.<\/sup>\u00a0There was also unrest and rebellion among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, such as deforestation, soil erosion, vermin and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to\u00a0Mauritius<\/a>, but that was not acted upon. The company continued to subsidize the community because of the island’s strategic location. A census in 1723 recorded 1,110 inhabitants, including 610 slaves.<\/p>\n In the peak era, a thousand ships per year stopped there leaving the governor to try to police the numerous visitors and to limit the consumption of arrack, made from potatoes. Two mutinies occurred, perhaps fueled by alcohol. Because Jamestown was “too raucous with its taverns and brothels”, St Paul\u2019s Cathedral was built outside the town.<\/sup><\/p>\n Eighteenth-century governors tried to tackle the island’s problems by planting trees, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol, and introducing legal reforms. The island enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity from about 1770. Captain\u00a0James Cook<\/a>\u00a0visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world.\u00a0St. James’ Church<\/a>\u00a0was built in Jamestown in 1774, and\u00a0Plantation House<\/a>\u00a0in 1791\u20131792; the latter has since been the official residence of the Governor.<\/p>\n Edmond Halley<\/a>\u00a0visited Saint Helena on leaving the\u00a0University of Oxford<\/a>\u00a0in 1676, and set up an astronomical\u00a0observatory<\/a>\u00a0with a 7.3-metre-long (24\u00a0ft)\u00a0aerial telescope<\/a>, intending to study the stars of the\u00a0Southern Hemisphere<\/a>.<\/sup>\u00a0The site of this telescope is near\u00a0Saint Mathew’s Church<\/a>\u00a0in Hutt’s Gate in the\u00a0Longwood<\/a>\u00a0district. The 680-metre (2,230\u00a0ft)-high hill there is called Halley’s Mount.<\/p>\n Throughout that period, Saint Helena was an important\u00a0port of call of the East India Company<\/a>.\u00a0East Indiamen<\/a>\u00a0would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena, ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions and, during wartime, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the\u00a0Royal Navy<\/a>.<\/p>\n Captain James Cook’s ship\u00a0HMS\u00a0Endeavour<\/i><\/a> anchored and resupplied off the coast of Saint Helena in May 1771 on its return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and the rediscovery of New Zealand.<\/p>\n The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802\u20131807) recommended that the company import workers from China to supplement the rural workforce. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendants became integrated into the population. In 1810 Chinese laborers began arriving, and by 1818, 650 were in St Helena.<\/sup> An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island. Many of the laborers were allowed to stay, even though there was less need for their services by 1836.<\/p>\n Following Napoleon’s death, the soldiers and other temporary residents linked to his presence on the island were withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made the\u00a0packet<\/a>\u00a0schooner<\/a>\u00a0St Helena<\/a><\/i>\u00a0available to the government of the island, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape, carrying passengers both ways and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island. Napoleon praised Saint Helena’s coffee during his exile on the island, and the product enjoyed a brief popularity in\u00a0Paris<\/a> in the years after his death.<\/p>\n The importation of slaves to Saint Helena was banned in 1792. In 1818, the governor freed children born of slaves on the island.<\/sup>\u00a0The phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves took place in 1827, some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to abolish slavery in the colonies.<\/sup> After Britain abolished the slave trade, “the island became a temporary refuge for more than 26,000 Africans liberated by the Royal Navy from slave ships”.<\/p>\n Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation, and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualization of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism.<\/p>\n In 1840, a British naval station established to suppress the <\/span>Atlantic slave trade<\/a> was based on the island, and between 1840 and 1849 over 15,000 freed slaves, known as “Liberated Africans”, were landed there.\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint\u00a0Helena passed from the East India Company to the British Crown, and it became a\u00a0crown colony<\/a>.<\/sup>\u00a0Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered a long-term population decline: those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steamships not reliant on\u00a0trade winds<\/a>, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional\u00a0South Atlantic<\/a>\u00a0shipping lanes to a route via the\u00a0Red Sea<\/a>\u00a0(which, prior to the building of the\u00a0Suez Canal<\/a>, involved a short overland section).<\/p>\n In 1858, the French emperor\u00a0Napoleon III<\/a>\u00a0purchased, in the name of the French government,\u00a0Longwood House<\/a>\u00a0and the lands around it, the last residence of\u00a0Napoleon I<\/a>\u00a0(who died there in 1821; his remains had been returned to France in 1840.)<\/sup>\u00a0It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French\u00a0Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/a>.<\/p>\n A 2020 report states that the island’s prosperity ended after 1869 when “the Suez Canal shifted trade routes north”. A 2019 report explained that “ships no longer needed a stopping point on a longer journey to Europe”.\u00a0The number of ships calling at the island fell from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in 1889.[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n On 11 April 1898 American\u00a0Joshua Slocum<\/a>, on his solo round-the-world voyage, arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation, having been extended hospitality by the governor, His Excellency Sir R A Standale. He presented two lectures on his voyage and was invited to Longwood by the French Consular agent.<\/p>\n By the end of 1899, St Helena was connected to London by undersea cable; this allowed for telegraph communication.<\/sup> In 1906, the British government withdrew the garrison; when spending by the soldiers stopped, there was a negative impact on the economy.<\/p>\n In 1900 and 1901, over 6,000\u00a0Boer<\/a>\u00a0prisoners were held on the island, during the\u00a0Second Anglo-Boer War<\/a>. A 2019 report states that “no traces remain of the two POW camps”, but adds that “the Boer Cemetery is a poignant spot”.<\/sup>\u00a0Among the notables were\u00a0Piet Cronj\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0and his wife after their defeat at\u00a0Battle of Paardeberg<\/a>.<\/sup><\/sup>\u00a0The resulting population reached an all-time high of 9,850 in 1901. By 1911, however, that had declined to 3,520 people.<\/sup><\/p>\n A local industry manufacturing fiber from New Zealand flax<\/a>\u00a0was successfully re-established in 1907 and generated considerable income during the\u00a0First World War<\/a>. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint\u00a0Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the\u00a0Second World War<\/a>, the United States built\u00a0Wideawake airport<\/a> on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena except maintenance of its defenses.<\/sup><\/p>\n Attendance at school became mandatory in 1942, for ages 5 to 15 in 1941 and the government took over control of the education system. The first secondary school opened in 1946. In the same year, the Americans built Wideawake Airfield (RAF Ascension Island<\/a>) and that project generated numerous jobs for St Helena; the sale of flax for rope also generated revenue for the island.<\/sup> However, the industry declined after 1951 because of transport costs and competition from synthetic fibers. The decision in 1965 by the British\u00a0Post Office<\/a> to use synthetic fibers for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island’s flax mills in 1965.<\/p>\n From 1958, the\u00a0Union Castle<\/a>\u00a0shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in\u00a0Avonmouth<\/a>, replaced the Union-Castle Line mail-ship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship<\/a>)\u00a0St\u00a0Helena<\/i>\u00a0which was introduced in 1989.<\/p>\n The <\/span>British Nationality Act 1981<\/a>\u00a0reclassified Saint Helena and the other\u00a0<\/span>Crown colonies<\/a>\u00a0as\u00a0<\/span>British Dependent Territories<\/a>. Saints lost their\u00a0<\/span>right of abode<\/a>\u00a0in Britain.<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the\u00a0<\/span>Falkland Islands<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>Ascension Island<\/a>. The Development and Economic Planning Department (which still operates) was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n It was not until 1992 that the Commission on Citizenship was established, restoring the islanders’ rights including the right of abode. In 2002, the right to British passports was restored.<\/sup><\/p>\n In 1989,\u00a0Prince Andrew<\/a>\u00a0launched the replacement\u00a0RMS\u00a0St\u00a0Helena<\/i><\/a>\u00a0to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the\u00a0Cardiff<\/a>\u2013Cape Town<\/a>\u00a0route and featured a mixed cargo\/passenger layout.<\/p>\n The Saint\u00a0Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor, Commander-in-Chief, and an elected executive and legislative council. In 2002, the\u00a0British Overseas Territories Act 2002<\/a>\u00a0granted full British citizenship to the islanders and renamed the dependent territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009,\u00a0The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009<\/a>\u00a0gave all three equal status; the British Overseas Territory was renamed\u00a0Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha<\/a>.<\/p>\n Located in the\u00a0South Atlantic Ocean<\/a>\u00a0on the\u00a0Mid-Atlantic Ridge<\/a>, more than 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world. The nearest port on the continent is\u00a0Mo\u00e7\u00e2medes<\/a>\u00a0in southern\u00a0Angola<\/a>; connections to Cape Town in South Africa are used for most shipping needs, such as the cargo boat that serves the island, the MS\u00a0Helena<\/i>.<\/p>\n The island is associated with two other isolated islands in the southern Atlantic, also British territories:\u00a0Ascension Island<\/a>, about 1,300 kilometers (810 mi) due northwest in more equatorial waters, and\u00a0Tristan da Cunha<\/a>, which is well outside the tropics 2,430 kilometers (1,510 mi) to the south. The island is situated in the\u00a0Western Hemisphere<\/a>\u00a0and has the same\u00a0longitude<\/a>\u00a0as\u00a0Cornwall<\/a>\u00a0in the United Kingdom. Despite its remote location, it is classified as being in\u00a0West Africa<\/a>\u00a0by the\u00a0United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n The island of Saint Helena is 122\u00a0km2<\/sup>\u00a0(47\u00a0sq\u00a0mi) in area, and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7\u00a0million years ago).<\/sup> Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and are warmer and drier than the center. The highest point of the island is\u00a0Diana’s Peak<\/a>\u00a0at 818\u00a0m (2,684\u00a0ft). In 1996 it became the island’s first\u00a0national park<\/a>. Much of the island is covered by\u00a0New Zealand flax<\/a>, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project, which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the\u00a0Saint Helena National Trust<\/a>. The Millennium Forest is being planted with indigenous\u00a0gumwood<\/a>\u00a0trees.<\/p>\n When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable\u00a0cabbage tree<\/a>\u00a0species. The island’s hinterland must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced, and native species have been adversely affected as a result. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (Acalypha rubrinervis<\/a><\/i>) and the Saint Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica<\/a><\/i>) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction.<\/p>\n There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson’s Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady’s Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore.<\/p>\n The\u00a0national bird<\/a>\u00a0of Saint Helena is the\u00a0Saint Helena plover<\/a>, known locally as the wirebird, on account of its wire-like legs. It appears on the\u00a0coat of arms of Saint Helena<\/a>\u00a0and on the flag.<\/p>\n The island had a\u00a0monocrop<\/a>\u00a0economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of\u00a0New Zealand flax<\/a>\u00a0for rope and string.<\/p>\n A 2019 report states that “by the 1970s, a majority of Saints were working abroad and sending money home”.<\/p>\n Saint Helena’s economy is now developing, but is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. However, the commencement of regular air services demonstrates rise in tourism, and the Government is encouraging investment on the Island, as can be shown by their Investment Policy and Strategy and the investment\u00a0prospectus<\/a>\u00a0for potential investors.<\/sup> In 2019, Saint Helena achieved its first-ever “Investment Grade” credit rating, a credit rating of BBB- (stable), from global credit-rating agency Standard & Poors (S&P).<\/p>\n In 2019, the estimated average annual salary was only about 8,000 Saint Helena pounds (about US$10,000.)<\/p>\n Saint Helena’s Sustainable Economic Development Plan, 2018\u201328, was developed using more than six months of local and international consultation in 2017 to 2018. The document represents a 10-year plan to kick-start the economy after Saint Helena established air access and fiber connectivity and moved away from relying purely on tourism for growth, announcing a desire to “increase exports, and decrease imports”. The SEDP stated that the island’s comparative advantages are its natural resources and geography, its status as a British Overseas Territory, its currency, relatively inexpensive labor and property costs, and low crime. Targeted export growth sectors include tourism, fisheries, coffee, satellite ground stations, work-from-home jobs (“digital nomads”), academia, research and conferences, liquor, wines and beers, ship registry and sailing qualifications, traditional products, honey and honey bees, and its use as a film location. Growth sectors for import substitution include agriculture, timber, bricks, blocks, minerals and rocks, and bottled water.<\/p>\n The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of\u00a0Napoleon’s imprisonment<\/a>\u00a0as well as nature activities such as scuba diving, swimming with\u00a0whale sharks<\/a>, whale watching, bird watching, marine tours, and hiking. A golf course also exists and sportfishing is possible. Several hotels, B&Bs, and self-catering apartments operate on the island. The arrival of tourists is linked to the\u00a0Saint Helena Airport<\/a>\u00a0(and in the past, the arrival and departure schedule of the now-retired\u00a0RMS\u00a0St Helena<\/i><\/a>).[81]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n Saint Helena produces the most expensive coffee in the world.<\/sup>\u00a0It also produces and exports\u00a0Tungi Spirit<\/a>, made from the fruit of the prickly or cactus pears,\u00a0Opuntia ficus-indica<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(“Tungi” is the local Saint Helenian name for the plant), and coffee liqueur, gin, and rum in its local distillery.<\/sup>\u00a0Due to the absence of parasites and disease in bees, beekeepers collect some of the purest honey in the world.<\/p>\n Saint Helena has a small fishing industry, landing mostly tuna. The fishery is committed to one-by-one fishing and uses the motto “one pole, one line, one fish at a time”. Some of Saint Helena’s exported tuna has been served in restaurants in Cape Town.<\/p>\n Like Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, Saint Helena is permitted to\u00a0issue its own postage stamps<\/a>, an enterprise that provides an income. Saint Helena also issues domains under .sh.<\/p>\n Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world. It has one commercial airport, and the island has become somewhat more accessible since air traffic opened in 2017.<\/p>\nHistory:<\/h2>\n
Early history (1502\u20131658):<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/Retrato_de_D._Francisco_de_Almeida_%28ap%C3%B3s_1545%29_-_Autor_desconhecido_%28cropped2%29.png\/220px-Retrato_de_D._Francisco_de_Almeida_%28ap%C3%B3s_1545%29_-_Autor_desconhecido_%28cropped2%29.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/span>East India Company (1658\u20131815):<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Thornton%2C_St_Helena.jpg\/220px-Thornton%2C_St_Helena.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/Saint-James-Church-300x192.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/span>British rule (1815\u20131821) and Napoleon’s exile:<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Napoleon_sainthelene.jpg\/220px-Napoleon_sainthelene.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Longwood_House_%2816311222817%29.jpg\/220px-Longwood_House_%2816311222817%29.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>British East India Company (1821\u20131834):<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/Jamestown-Houses-300x169.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a><\/span>Crown colony (1834\u20131981):<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/Jamestown-300x300.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>1981 to present:<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Saint_Helena_Island.jpg\/220px-Saint_Helena_Island.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Geography:<\/span><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ee\/LocationStHelena.PNG\/220px-LocationStHelena.PNG\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/Map-of-Saint-Helena-300x243.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Economy:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/Saint_Helena_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg\/220px-Saint_Helena_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.smoketreemanor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/Beekeeping-on-Saint-Helena.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>Transportation:<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/RMS_St_Helena.jpg\/220px-RMS_St_Helena.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/a>